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Slavophilia
Slavophilia was an intellectual movement originating from 19th century that wanted the Russian Empire to be developed upon values and institutions derived from its early history. Slavophiles were especially opposed to the influences of Western Europe in Russia.〔(Encyclopædia Britannica Slavophile article )〕 There were also similar movements in Poland, Hungary and Greece. Depending on the historical context, its opposite could be termed Slavophobia—i.e., a fear of Slavic culture—or even what some Russian intellectuals called ''zapadnichestvo'', "pro-Western-ism."
== History ==
Slavophilism, as an intellectual movement, was developed in the 19th-century Russia. In a sense there was not one but many Slavophile movements, or many branches of the same movement. Some were to the left of the political spectrum, noting that progressive ideas such as democracy were intrinsic to the Russian experience, as proved by what they considered to be the rough democracy of medieval Novgorod. Some were to the right of the spectrum and pointed to the centuries-old tradition of the autocratic Tsar as being the essence of the Russian nature. The Slavophiles were determined to protect what they believed were unique Russian traditions and culture. In doing so, they rejected individualism. The role of the Orthodox Church was seen by them as more significant than the role of the state. Socialism was opposed by Slavophiles as an alien thought, and Russian mysticism was preferred over "Western rationalism". Rural life was praised by the movement, opposing industrialization as well as urban development, while protection of the "mir" was seen as an important measure to prevent growth of the working class.〔(From Nyet to Da: understanding the Russians, page 65 ) by Yale Richmond, Intercultural Press; 3rd edition (January 2003)〕
The movement originated in Moscow in the 1830s. Drawing on the works of Greek patristics, the poet Aleksey Khomyakov (1804–60) and his devoutly Orthodox colleagues elaborated a traditionalistic doctrine that claimed Russia has its own distinct way, which doesn't have to imitate and mimic "Western" institutions. The Russian Slavophiles denounced modernization by Peter the Great and Catherine the Great, and some of them even adopted traditional pre-Petrine dress.
Andrei Okara argues that the 19th century classification of social thought into three groups, the Westernizers, the Slavophiles and the Conservatives also fits well into the realities of the political and social situation in modern Russia. According to him, examples of modern-day slavophiles include the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Rogozin and Sergei Glazyev.
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