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Slovincian language
Slovincian is the language formerly spoken by the Slovincians (, (ポーランド語:Słowińcy), (ドイツ語:Slowinzen, Lebakaschuben)), a Slavic people living between lakes Gardno and Łebsko near Słupsk in Pomerania.
Slovincian is classified either as a language (first by Friedrich Lorentz, 1902/3〔Dicky Gilbers, John A. Nerbonne, J. Schaeken, ''Languages in Contact'', Rodopi, 2000, p.329, ISBN 90-420-1322-2〕), or as a Kashubian dialect〔Christina Yurkiw Bethin, ''Slavic Prosody: Language Change and Phonological Theory'', pp.160ff, Cambridge University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-521-59148-1〕〔Edward Stankiewicz, ''The Accentual Patterns of the Slavic Languages'', Stanford University Press, 1993, p.291, ISBN 0-8047-2029-0〕〔 (first by Lorentz, after 1903〔) or variant,〔〔Roland Sussex, Paul Cubberley, ''The Slavic Languages'', Cambridge University Press, 2006, p.97, ISBN 0-521-22315-6〕 with Kashubian itself being classified either as a language or a Polish dialect.〔Harry Hulst, Georg Bossong, ''Eurotyp'', Walter de Gruyter, 1999, p.837, ISBN 3-11-015750-0〕 Slovincian and Kashubian are both classified as Pomeranian.〔〔
Slovincian became extinct in the early twentieth century.〔〔 However, individual words and expressions survived until after World War II, when the region became Polish. Some Slovincians were expelled along with the Germans,〔 of those allowed to stay a few elderly people had fragmentary knowledge of Slovincian until the 1950s.〔
It is disputed whether Slovincians actually used that name, given to them by the Russian academic Aleksander Hilferding, for themselves. ''Lebakaschuben'' is a synonymously used term. Some scholars believe that Slovincians regarded themselves merely as Lutheran Kashubians and their language as Kashubian. Nevertheless, the name "Slovincian" prevails in literature and is also used officially, for example in ''Słowiński Park Narodowy'' (Slovincian National Park), a protected area on the Polish Pomeranian coast.
==Phonology==
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