|
Snus (; (:snʉːs)) is a moist powder tobacco product originating from a variant of dry snuff in early 18th-century Sweden. It is placed under the upper lip for extended periods. Snus is not fermented and contains no added sugar. Although used similarly to American dipping tobacco, snus does not typically result in the need for spitting and, unlike naswar, snus is steam-pasteurized. The sale of snus is illegal in the European Union〔(Directive 2001/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2001 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco products & Commission statement )〕 and Turkmenistan〔(В Туркмении запретили производить, продавать и жевать насвай | ЦентрАзия | Афганистан | Казахстан | Кыргызстан | Таджикистан | Туркменистан | Узбекистан | )〕 but, due to special exemptions, it is still manufactured and consumed primarily in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. The Russian State Duma drafted a bill which banned snus in Russia from 1 June 2013 onwards;〔(Законопроект № 163560-6. Об охране здоровья населения от воздействия окружающего табачного дыма и последствий потребления табака )〕 however, it was never ratified. Local varieties of snus, growing in popularity in the United States, are seen as an alternative to smoking, chewing, and dipping tobacco. However, as US-manufactured snus does not have the same production standards or ingredients as Swedish snus (the use of significant amounts of sugar in US products being one major difference), some believe that it should not be called "snus".〔 〕 ==History== In the 16th century, snuff (pulverized tobacco), the precursor of snus (moist snuff), was introduced to France by French diplomat Jean Nicot, who worked at the court of King Henry II of France. He recommended snuff to Catherine de' Medici as a migraine remedy. When she became a regular user of snuff, it became a fashion amongst the court and upper class citizens of France, especially amongst females, as it was deemed more socially acceptable than other forms of tobacco. This trend of using stuff in the nose also spread to Sweden at the beginning of the 17th century. In the 19th century, Swedish producers began to manufacture moist snuff, which was placed under the upper lip and did not require spitting. It became known as snus. Ettan (meaning "number one"), registered since 1822, is the oldest brand of snus still sold. It is a popular myth that snus or any other forms of smokeless tobacco contains fragments or particles of fiberglass as an aid to the absorption of nicotine by the user's blood. This is not true. Moreover, mucous membranes readily absorb free nicotine, so this would actually hurt the intake of nicotine. The burning sensation is caused by the nicotine itself (similar to the tingle of nicotine gum) and some food additives such as sodium carbonate (E500). Sodium carbonate is a food additive used to increase the pH of the tobacco (reduce the acidity). This increases the bioavailability of the nicotine, meaning more is available for absorption. Some flavorings (mints in particular) are astringent and may increase the tingling or burning sensation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Snus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|