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''Saponaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pink family, Caryophyllaceae. They are native to Europe and Asia, and are commonly known as soapworts.〔(''Saponaria''. ) Flora of North America.〕 They are herbaceous perennials and annuals, some with woody bases. The flowers are abundant, five-petalled and usually in shades of pink or white.〔 The most familiar species might be common soapwort (''S. officinalis''), which is native to Eurasia but is known in much of the world as an introduced species, often a weed, and sometimes a cultivated ornamental plant.〔 The genus name ''Saponaria'' derives from the Latin ''saponis'' ("soap") and -''aria'' ("pertaining to sap"),〔 and at least one species, ''S. officinalis'', has been used to make soap. It contains saponins, and a liquid soap could be produced by soaking the leaves in water.〔 The genus is closely related to ''Lychnis'' and ''Silene'', being distinguished from these by having only two (not three or five) styles in the flower.〔 It is also related to ''Gypsophila'', but its calyx is cylindrical rather than bell-shaped.〔(''Saponaria''. ) Flora of Pakistan.〕 ''Saponaria'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Lychnis, and ''Coleophora saponariella'', which is exclusive to the genus. ==Diversity== There are 30〔〔(''Saponaria''. ) Flora of China.〕 to 40〔〔Jürgens, A., et al. (2003). (Flower scent composition in ''Dianthus'' and ''Saponaria'' species (Caryophyllaceae) and its relevance for pollination biology and taxonomy. ) ''Biochemical Systematics and Ecology'' 31(4), 345-57.〕〔(''Saponaria''. ) The Jepson eFlora 2013.〕 species in the genus. Species include:〔(''Saponaria''. ) GRIN.〕 *''Saponaria bargyliana''〔Mutlu, B. (2006). (''Saponaria bargyliana'' Gombault (Caryophyllaceae): a new record for Turkey and analysis of its morphological characters with related species. ) ''Turk. J. Bot'' 30, 63-70.〕 *''Saponaria bellidifolia'' *''Saponaria caespitosa'' *''Saponaria calabrica'' – Adriatic soapwort *''Saponaria karapinarensis''〔Vural, M., et al. (2006). (''Saponaria karapinarensis'', ''Senecio salsuginea'' and ''Centaurea tuzgoluensis'', three new species from central Anatolia, Turkey. ) ''Belgian Journal of Botany'' 139(2), 252-60.〕 *''Saponaria kotschyi''〔Ataslar, E. (2004). (Morphological and anatomical investigations on the ''Saponaria kotschyi'' Boiss.(Caryophyllaceae). ) ''Turk. J. Bot'' 28, 193-99.〕 *''Saponaria lutea'' *''Saponaria ocymoides'' – rock soapwort, tumbling-Ted *''Saponaria officinalis'' – bouncingbet, sweet Betty *''Saponaria pamphylica''〔Çinbilgel, İ., et al. (2007). (Morphological and anatomical study on endemic ''Saponaria pamphylica'' Boiss. & Heldr.(Carypohyllaceae). ) ''J. Appl. Biol. Sci'' 1, 19-25.〕 *''Saponaria pumila''〔Tribsch, A., et al. (2002). (''Saponaria pumila'' (Caryophyllaceae) and the ice age in the European Alps. ) ''American Journal of Botany'' 89(12), 2024-33.〕 *''Saponaria pumilio'' – pygmy pink *''Saponaria sicula'' *''Saponaria suffruticosa''〔Dönmez, A. A. (2009). (''Saponaria suffruticosa'' (Caryophyllaceae): An enigmatic species from south-west Asia on border of Turkey and Iraq. ) ''Hacettepe J Biol'' 37(3) 181-87.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saponaria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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