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Solenodonsaurus
''Solenodonsaurus'' is an extinct genus of Reptiliomorpha, which lived about 320-305 million years ago. Classification is uncertain, but it was possibly an early reptile or an amphibian close to the diadectomorphs. Its remains were found in the Czech Republic. Its name means "single-tooth lizard". ''Solenondosaurus'' measured about 45 cm.〔http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/reptiliomorpha/solenodonsaurus.html〕
The ''Solenodonsaurus'' show a curious mix of characters making it difficult to place phyllogentically. The teeth lack labyrinthodont folding of the enamel, and it skull has a much smaller otic notch then seen in other reptiliomorph amphibians. Yet general build ties it in with the Diadectomorpha.〔Laurin, M. and Rize R.R. (1999): A new study of ''Solenodonsaurus janenschi'', and a reconsideration of amniote origins and stegocephalian evolution. ''Canadian Journal of Earth Science'', no 36 (8): pp 1239–1255 (1999) (article )〕
==Paleobiology==
''Solenodonsaurus'' was likely best adapted to life on land, as opposed to living in an aquatic environment like many other early tetrapods. The limbs and pelvis are incomplete in all known specimens of ''Solenodonsaurus'', making it difficult to infer how the animal may have moved. One feature that suggests a terrestrial lifestyle is the 90° rotation of the ends of the humerus, which orients the forelimb forward rather than out to the side. Several presumably terrestrial groups of Paleozoic tetrapods, including amphibamid temnospondyls, microsaurs, and the first amniotes, have a similar degree of rotation in their humeri. The short, triangular shape of the skull of ''Solenodonsaurus'' distinguishes it from most aquatic forms, which have either long and narrow or broad and parabolic heads.〔
''Solenodonsaurus'' was once believed to have had an impedance matching hearing system like those of modern tetrapods, with an eardrum-like membrane called a tympanum that covered a notch in the squamosal bone at the back of the skull. Evidence for a tympanum is seen in a ridge that runs along the squamosal notch, which may have been an attachment point for the membrane. However, since the otic notch is very small, the presence of a tympanum is now considered unlikely.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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