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|Section2= |Section8= |Section7= }} Solenopsin (C17H35N) is an alkaloid which inhibits angiogenesis via the phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3-K) signaling pathway, in addition to contributing to the toxic effect of fire ant venom. Solenopsin has also been shown to have cytotoxic, hemolytic, necrotic, insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-HIV properties. Originally synthesized in 1998, several groups have designed novel and creative methods of synthesizing enantiopure solenopsin and other alkaloidal components of ant venom. Though the use of ant venom in a remedial sense has often been marginalized to homeopathic therapies, basic science research is just beginning to uncover the therapeutic value of these alkaloids in human pathologies. ==Total synthesis== The total synthesis of solenopsin has been described by several methods. The method proposed by Bowen ''et al.''〔(Figure 1) starts with alkylation of 4-chloropyridine hydrochloride with a 1-bromoundecane pre-formed Grignard reagent, followed by amidation of the pyridinal nitrogen with phenyl chloroformate, to form 4-Chloro-1-(phenoxycarbonyl)-2-n-undecyl-1,2-dihydropyridine. Phenol is the displaced by t-butoxide, and the pyridine is then methylated at the 6 position. The pyridine ring is then reduced to a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine via catalytic hydrogenation over palladium. Boc is finally removed to yield (+)-Solenopsin A as trans-2-methyl-6-n-undecylpiperidine. The hydrochloride salt is then formed with addition of HCl and concentration of the solution yields pure Solenopsin A HCl as a white solid. A number of analogs have been synthesized using modifications of this procedure, but Solenopsin A has been shown to have the most potent anti-angiogenic effects. Figure 1 ''Summarized schematic of the total solenopsin synthesis'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Solenopsin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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