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|subdivision_type1 =Republic |subdivision_name1 =Crimea |subdivision_type2=District |subdivision_name2 = Kirovske Raion| |timezone=MSK |utc_offset=+3 |timezone_DST= |utc_offset_DST= |official_name = Staryi Krym |native_name = Старий Крим Старый Крым Eski Qırım |image_flag = Flag of Staryi Krym.png |pushpin_map =Crimea |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption =Location of Staryi Krym within Crimea |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map1 = |pushpin_label_position1 = |pushpin_map_caption1 =Location of Staryi Krym |pushpin_mapsize1 = |latd=45 |latm=1 |lats=45 |latNS=N | longd=35 |longm=5 |longs=19 |longEW=E | elevation_m = 300 | area_total_km2 = 9.97 | population_total = 9512 | population_footnotes= | population_as_of = 2013 | population_density_km2 = 1000 | |postal_code_type=Postal code | postal_code = 97345 | |area_code=+380-6555 | blank_info = Solkhat (until the 14th century)|blank_name=Former name| | website = http://solhat.com/ |image_skyline = Bogaevsky Stary Krym.jpg |image_caption=Konstantin Bogaevsky Stary Krym, 1903 }} Staryi Krym ((ウクライナ語:Старий Крим), (ロシア語:Старый Крым), ) is a small historical town in Kirovske Raion of Crimea, an area currently disputed between Russia and Ukraine. It is located in the Eastern Crimean Peninsula, approximately 25 km (15 mi.) west of Theodosia. Population: . ==Name== During the 13th century, the town was known as either ''Solkhat'' (''Solkhad'', ''Solghad'', ) or as ''Qrım'' (). Both names are unattested prior to the 13th century, but on the authority of al-Qalqashandi, ''Solkhat'' is the older of the two, dating to the period prior to the Mongol conquest. The origin of either name is uncertain.〔perhaps a turkified form of the Italian name ''Solcati'' ((イタリア語:solcata) – furrow, ditch). An alternative proposal derives it from the name of an Armenian monastic complex in Staryi Krym, built in 1338 and known in Armenian as "Surb Khach," (アルメニア語:Սուրբ Խաչ) or Holy Cross. Maksoudian, Krikor (1997). "Armenian Communities in Eastern Europe" in ''The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century''. Richard Hovannisian (ed.) New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 57. ISBN 1-4039-6422-X.〕 Both names coexisted during the 14th century, but the name ''Qırım'' came to displace ''Solkhat'' by the early 15th. Before the Mongol period, mention is made in Greek hagiography of the residence of the Khazar governor of the eastern part of the peninsula, as a fortress named ''Fulla'' or ''Fullai'' (Φούλλαι, although other sources identify this place with Chufut-Kale)〔Vasilev A. A., "The Goths in the Crimea," Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1936, p. 98〕 along with ''Sugdaia'' (Sudak); it is likely that the site of this fortress corresponds to the site of ''Solghat''.〔E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 4, (pp. 1084f ).〕 The name ''Qirim'' may continue an old name ''Cimmerium'' (after the Cimmerians). The Strait of Kerch was known as ''Bosporus Cimmerius'' in the Roman era (as reported by Ptolemy and Strabo), after the city of ''Cimmerium'' which stood nearby. The promontory or peninsula on which it stood was known as ''Promontorium Cimmerium'' (Κιμμέριον ἄκρον). The 13th-century toponym ''Qrim'' is likely explained as a corruption of the name ''Cimmerium''.〔(Cimmerium ). Encyclopedia Britannica 4th edition (1810).〕 There are however alternative suggestions, such as derivation from the Greek ''Cremnoi'' (Κρημνοί, in post-classical Koiné Greek pronunciation, Crimni, i.e., "the Cliffs", referenced by Herodotus 4.20.1 and 4.110.2), or from a Mongolian appellation.〔Adrian Room, ''Placenames of the World'', 2003, (p. 96 ). .〕 The name "Crimea" (for the Crimean Khanate, and later also for the peninsula itself) is derived from the name of the city. It became adopted as an alternative term for what used to be known as ''Tauris'' or ''Tauric Peninsula'' in western languages from the 17th century.〔Edward Gibbon, The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, Volume 10 (1788), p. 211: "The modern reader must not confound this old Cherson of the Tauric or Crimean peninsula with a new city of the same name".〕 Since the annexation of Crimea by Catherine II of Russia in 1783, the town has been known by the Russian name Staryi Krym (Russian ''staryi'' meaning "old", rendered in Crimean Tatar as ''eski''; also transliterated as ''Staroi Krim'' and variants).〔"North-west of Kaffa and east of Karasu bazar is Eski or Staroi Krim (''i.e.'', Old Krim), the Cimmerium of the Greeks, which gave its name to the peninsula." Henry H. Howorth, ''History of the Mongols, from the 9th to the 19th century'', part 2: ''The socalled Tartars of Russia and Central Asia'' (1880) (p. 625 )〕 Officially, the town was named ''Levkopol'' after the ancient Greek name of ''Leukopolis'' (White City), but this never gained popularity,〔 perhaps because the town already styled a name from antiquity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stary Krym」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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