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Solomon Andrews (1806-1872) 〔 was an aviator and dirigible airship inventor. The difference of specific gravity between the balloon and the surrounding atmosphere could be converted by a system of inclined planes to steer the craft, without a motor.〔Solomon Andrews, ''The Art of Flying,'' 1865〕 He referred to his propulsion as "gravitation."〔 (unabridged republication of the Holt edition 1957, titled ''Ships in the Sky: The Story of the Great Dirigibles'')〕 The craft was not normally trimmed to be neutrally buoyant. Instead it would be cycled between positive and negative buoyancy. The resulting airflow across the body of the craft and attached airfoils would propel it. (Picture a glider alternately rising and falling through the air.) He claimed to sail it as one would a sailboat.〔pg. 20, Toland〕 Mention is made of the movement of pilot and passenger fore and aft in the basket to control attitude.〔pg. 23, Toland〕 He was a medical doctor and three times Mayor of Perth Amboy, New Jersey. He constructed the city's first sewer system. ==Biography== He was born in 1806 in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. His first "Aereon" flew over Perth Amboy on June 1, 1863. This had three 80-foot cigar-shaped balloons, with a rudder and gondola. Buoyancy was controlled by jettisoning sand ballast or releasing hydrogen lift gas.〔 Dr. Andrews wrote Abraham Lincoln later that summer offering the Aereon for use in the American Civil War; after much discussion, he arranged a demonstration early in 1864 before the Smithsonian Institution. He was informed, nearly a year later, that the Government had little interest in his invention, and by that time the war was nearly over. Andrews then organized the Aerial Navigation Company to build commercial Airships and establish a regular line between New York and Philadelphia. The "Aereon #2" had one "lemon-shaped" balloon, sharply pointed at the ends. It controlled buoyancy with a system of lines and pulleys that compressed the gas or allowed it to expand.〔 This flew over New York City on May 25, 1866 and June 5, 1866. The second trip, carrying a passenger-assistant (a news reporter had to be left out at the last minute because of weight problems)〔pg. 22, Toland〕 ended at Oyster Bay, Long Island. At this point, the post-war economic collapse and its bank failures destroyed the company, and he never flew again. Andrews also invented a sewing machine, a barrel making machine, fumigators,〔Daniel Geery. 2007. (hyperblimp history )〕 forging presses, a kitchen range, a gas lamp, a nicotine-filtering pipe, rekeying and a padlock which has been used by the U.S. Post Office since 1842. He died in 1872. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Solomon Andrews (inventor)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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