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Soluntum
Soluntum or Solus (Greek: , Thuc.; , Diod.: Eth. , Diod., but coins have ; Italian ''Solunto'') was an ancient city of Sicily, one of the three chief Phoenician settlements in the island, situated on the north coast, about east of Panormus (modern Palermo), and immediately to the east of the bold promontory called Capo Zafferano. It lay above sea level, on the southeast side of Monte Catalfano , in a naturally strong situation, and commanding a fine view. Some scholars contend that Soluntum and Solus were two different cities at close quarters, Soluntum, higher upon the hillside, being a later habitation displacing the earlier settlement of Solus, at a lower elevation. Its current site is at the ''località'' of Sòlanto in the ''comune'' of Santa Flavia.
==History==
The date of its first occupation is, like that of Panormus (Palermo), unknown. From its proximity to Panormus, Soluntum was one of the few colonies that the Phoenicians retained when they gave way before the advance of the Greek colonies in Sicily, and withdrew to the northwest corner of the island.〔 cites: Thuc. vi. 2.〕 It then passed together with Panormus and Motya into the hands of the Carthaginians, or at least became a dependency of that people. It continued steadfast to the Carthaginian alliance even in 397 BCE, when the formidable armament of Dionysius shook the fidelity of most of their allies;〔 cites: Diod. xiv. 48.〕 its territory was in consequence ravaged by Dionysius, but without effect. At a later period of the war (396 BCE) it was betrayed into the hands of that despot,〔 cites: Diod. xiv. 78.〕 but probably soon fell again into the power of the Carthaginians. It was certainly one of the cities that usually formed part of their dominions in the island; and in 307 BCE it was given up by them to the soldiers and mercenaries of Agathocles, who had made peace with the Carthaginians when abandoned by their leader in Africa.〔 cites: Diod. xx. 69.〕 During the First Punic War we find it still subject to Carthage, and it was not till after the fall of Panormus that Soluntum also opened its gates to the Romans.〔 cites: Diod. xxiii. p. 505.〕 It continued to subsist under the Roman dominion as a municipal town, but apparently one of no great importance, as its name is only slightly and occasionally mentioned by Cicero.〔 cites: ''In Verrem'' ii. 42, iii. 43.)〕 But it is still noticed both by Pliny and Ptolemy,〔 cites: Pliny iii. 8. s. 14; Ptol. iii. 4. § 3.〕 where the name is corruptly written ), as well as at a later period by the Itineraries, which place it 12 miles from Panormus and 12 from Thermae (modern Termini Imerese).〔 cites: ''Antonine Itinerary'' p. 91; ''Tabula Peutingeriana''.〕 Soluntum minted coins in antiquity. It is probable that its complete destruction dates from the time of the Saracens.
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