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Somnology
Somnology (or hypnology) is the scientific study of sleep. It includes clinical study and treatment of sleep disorders and irregularities. Sleep medicine is a subset of somnology.
==History==
Sleep and sleep disorders have been recorded and treated in ancient times; Hippocrates mentions disturbances of sleep in his writings, ancient Egypt used opium as a treatment for insomnia, and some mention how dreams reflect the state of the body. However, despite these early references to sleep and its disorders, serious studies on sleep did not truly begin until the invention of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in 1929.〔D. Todman: A History Of Sleep Medicine. ''The Internet Journal of Neurology''. Volume 9. 2008.〕
After the invention of the EEG, the stages of sleep were determined in 1936 by Harvey and Loomis, the first descriptions of delta and theta waves were made by Walter and Dovey, and REM sleep was discovered in 1953. Sleep apnea was identified in 1965.〔Bradley DT. Respritory Sleep Medicine. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2008. Vol 117.〕 In 1970, the first clinical sleep laboratory was developed at Stanford.〔Bowman TJ. Review of Sleep Medicine. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002.〕 The first actigraphy device was made in 1978 by Krupke, and continuous positive airway pressure therapy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were created in 1981.
The Examination Committee of the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers, which is now the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, was established in 1978 and administered the sleep administration test until 1990. In 1989, the American Board of Sleep Medicine was created to administer the tests and eventually assumed all the duties of the Examination committee in 1991. In the United States, the American Board of Sleep Medicine grants certification for sleep medicine to both physicians and non-physicians. However, the board does not allow one to practice sleep medicine without a medical license.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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