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The sonargǫltr or sónargǫltr was the boar sacrificed as part of the celebration of Yule in Germanic paganism, on whose bristles solemn vows were made, a tradition known as heitstrenging. ''Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks'' refers to the tradition of swearing oaths on Yule Eve by laying hands on the bristles of the boar, who was then sacrificed in the sonar-blót: ()k skyldi þeim gelti blóta at sónarblóti. Jólaaptan skyldi leiða sónargöltinn í höll fyrir konúng; lögðu menn þá hendr yfir burst hans ok strengja heit.〔''Saga Heiðreks konungs ins vitra'', H-text of ''Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks'', chapter 10, from (Heimskringla.no ). Note that this text uses the ''sónar'' spelling.〕〔For the alternate version, in which the procedure is the same but the word ''sonargǫltr'' does not occur, see Richard North, ''Heathen Gods in Old English Literature'', Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 22, Cambridge, 1997, ISBN 978-0-521-55183-0, (p. 74 ).〕One of the prose segments in "Helgakviða Hjörvarðssonar" adds that the oaths were sworn while drinking the ''bragarfull'' toast: Um kveldit () óru heitstrengingar. Var fram leiddr sónargöltr. Lögðu menn þar á hendr sínar ok strengðu menn þá heit at bragarfulli.In ''Ynglinga saga'' the sonarblót is used for divination (''til frettar'').〔"Sonargǫltr", Rudolf Simek, ''Dictionary of Northern Mythology'', tr. Angela Hall, Cambridge: Brewer, 1993, repr. 2000, ISBN 978-0-85991-369-0, p. 298.〕〔Jan de Vries, ''Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte'', Volume 1, Grundriß der germanischen Philologie begründet von Hermann Paul 12/I, 2nd ed. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1956, repr. as 3rd ed. 1970, , p. 367 〕 The association with the Yule blót and with the ceremonial ''bragarfull'' gives the vows great solemnity, so that they have the force of oaths. This becomes a recurring topos in later sagas,〔de Vries, p. 504.〕 although we have only these two saga mentions attesting to the custom of making vows on the sacrificial animal.〔Peter Habbe, ''Att se och tänka med ritual: kontrakterande ritualer i de isländska släktsagorna'', Vägar till Midgård 7, Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2005, ISBN 9789189116795, (p. 43 ) 〕 The choice of a boar indicates a connection with Freyr, whose mount is the gold-bristled boar Gullinbursti,〔〔Ruth Schmidt-Wiegand points to a prohibition in the Salic law that suggests the Franks sacrificed only the generative organs of the boar to the fertility god Freyr, reserving the rest for the feast: "Spuren paganer Religiosität in den frühmittelalterlichen Leges", in ''Iconologia sacra: Mythos, Bildkunst und Dichtung in der Religions- und Sozialgeschichte Alteuropas: Festschrift für Karl Hauck zum 75. Geburtstag'', ed. Hagen Keller and Nikolaus Staubach, Arbeiten zur Frühmittelalterforschung 23, Berlin: De Gruyter, 1994, ISBN 978-3-11-013255-7, pp. 249–62, (pp. 256–57 ) 〕 and the continuing Swedish tradition of eating pig-shaped cakes at Christmas recalls the heathen custom.〔〔Jacob Grimm, ''Teutonic Mythology'', tr. James Steven Stallybrass, Volume 1, London: Bell, 1882, (p. 51 ).〕〔H. F. Feilberg, ''Jul'', volume 2, Copenhagen: Schuboth, 1904, pp. 313–14 〕〔Helge Rosén, "Freykult och Djurkult", ''Fornvännen'' 1913, pp. 213–44, pp. 214–15, (pdf ) 〕 According to Olaus Verelius' notes in his 1672 edition of ''Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks'', part of this ''jula-galt'' would then be saved for mixing with the seed-corn and giving to the plough-horses and ploughmen at spring planting.〔Grimm, Volume 3, 1883, (p. 1240 ).〕 As Jacob Grimm pointed out, the serving of a boar's head at banquets and particularly at Queen's College, Oxford may also be a reminiscence of the Yule boar-blót.〔Grimm, Volume 1, (p. 215 ); Volume 4, 1883, (p. 1355 ).〕〔Rosén, p. 214.〕〔Ernst Anton Quitzmann, ''Die heidnische Religion der Baiwaren: erster faktischer Beweis für die Abstammung dieses Volkes'', Leipzig: Winter, 1860, OCLC 252676776, (p. 86 ) notes that Bavarian farmers feasted on a slaughtered pig at Yule.〕 Gabriel Turville-Petre suggested that names for Freyr and his sister Freyja which equate them with a boar and a sow respectively implied that consumption of the sacrificed boar was felt to be consumption of the god's flesh and absorption of his power.〔E. O. G. Turville-Petre, ''Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia'', London: Weidenfeld, 1964, , p. 255; Habbe wrongly sees this as referring to a bear sacrifice.〕 It was formerly usual to spell the word ''sónargǫltr'' and to interpret it as "atonement-boar" (the rare element ''sónar''- can also mean "sacrifice").〔〔"Són", ''An Icelandic-English Dictionary'', initiated by Richard Cleasby, subsequently revised, enlarged, and completed by Gudbrand Vigfusson, 2nd ed. with supplement by William A. Craigie, Oxford: Oxford/Clarendon, 1957, repr. 1975, ISBN 978-0-19-863103-3, p. 580, (online at Germanic Lexicon Project ).〕 However, following Eduard Sievers, it is usually now spelled with a short ''o'' and taken as meaning "herd boar, leading boar", as Lombard ''sonarþair'' is defined in the ''Edictus Rothari'' as the boar "which fights and beats all other boars in the herd".〔〔〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sonargöltr」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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