|
''Sonderbehandlung'' (abbr. ''S.B.'') is a German noun meaning ''special treatment'' in English, also existing as a verb: ''sonderbehandeln'' (to treat specially). While it can refer to any sort of preferential treatment, it is known primarily as a euphemism used by Nazi functionaries and the SS for murder. It first came to prominence during Action T4, where SS doctors killed mentally ill and disabled patients between 1939 and 1941, and was one of a number of nonspecific words the Nazis used to document mass murder and genocide. These words were also used to imprecisely refer to the equipment used to perpetrate their crimes, such as gas chambers and Zyklon B. The true meaning of ''Sonderbehandlung'' was widely known in the SS, and in April 1943, ''Reichsführer-SS'' Heinrich Himmler was so concerned about the security of it that he had it redacted in a secret report. Berel Lang states that disguised language was used "...not only in communications issued to the Jewish public when the intention of those issuing the communications was to deceive the Jews in order to minimize the likelihood of resistance, but also in addresses to the outside world and, perhaps more significantly, in internal communications as well, among officials who unquestionably knew (who were themselves sometimes responsible for) the linguistic substitutions stipulated by the language rules."〔Lang (2003), p. 93〕 == Background == By the summer of 1941, Action T4 became widespread public knowledge in Germany (and also in neutral countries and to Germany's enemies), and on August 24, 1941, Hitler ordered the joint chief of the operation Dr. Karl Brandt to halt it due to public protest (however it still continued, not only out of the public eye but in greater intensity).〔Friedlander (1997), p. 111〕 Hitler did not want to run the risk of an order publicly embarrassing him again and, as a result, the explicit order to carry out the Holocaust was given by him orally. Even if there had been any written instances of this order, they would have almost certainly been destroyed by the Nazis when they realised their defeat was inevitable.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hdot.org/en/learning/myth-fact/hitlerorder.html )〕 Where the Nazis had to document murder, ''Sonderbehandlung'' was one of a number of euphemisms used. The Action T4 doctors used "''desinfiziert''" (decontaminated) to document the gassing of mentally ill and handicapped individuals.〔Friedlander (1997), p. 231〕 The actual plan to exterminate the Jews of Europe was called "''Die Endlösung der Judenfrage''" (Final Solution to the Jewish Question). Other words to describe extermination operations included: *"''Evakuierung''" (evacuation) *"''Aussiedlung''" (expulsion) *"''Umsiedlung''" (resettlement) *"''Auflockerung''" (thinning out – as in the removal of inhabitants from a ghetto)〔Lang (2003), p. 92〕 *"''Befriedungsaktion''" (pacification)〔 *"''Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion''" or "''A.B. Aktion''" (special pacification)〔 *"''Abwanderung''" (having-been-migrated)〔 *"''Säuberung''" (cleansing)〔 *"''Sicherheitspolizeilich durchgearbeitet''" (directed or worked through in a manner in accordance with the ''Sicherheitsdienst'')〔 The Posen speeches made by Heinrich Himmler in October 1943 are the first known documents in which a high-ranking member of the Nazi government spoke explicitly about the perpetration of the Holocaust during the war. Himmler mentions the "''Judenevakuierung''" or "evacuation of the Jews", which he uses synonymously with their extermination.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.holocaust-history.org/himmler-poznan/ )〕 At one point in the speech, Himmler says: "elimination of the Jews, extermination, we're doing it", briefly pausing in the middle of "elimination" (''Ausschaltung'') before going on to say "extermination" (''Ausrottung'').〔 His hesitation in the middle of saying "elimination" can be considered as a quick mental check to see whether or not it is acceptable to use such words in front of his given audience.〔 The answer is yes: it is the seniority of the SS in private. This has been compared to another incident of self-verification in the opposite way, where Josef Goebbels, in his Total War speech on February 18, 1943, begins to say "Ausrottung des Judentums" ("extermination of Jewry") but switches to saying "Ausschaltung", bearing in mind that he is speaking very publicly.〔 His resulting phrasing is "Ausrott...schaltung des Judentums", which can be likened to "exterm...elimination" in English.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sonderbehandlung」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|