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''Sophora'' is a genus of about 45 species of small trees and shrubs in the pea family Fabaceae. The species are native to southeast Europe, southern Asia, Australasia, various Pacific islands, western South America, the western United States, Florida and Puerto Rico. The generic name is derived from ''sophera'', an Arabic name for a pea-flowered tree. The genus formerly had a broader interpretation including many other species now treated in other genera, notably ''Styphnolobium'' (pagoda tree genus), which differs in lacking nitrogen fixing bacteria (rhizobia) on the roots, and ''Dermatophyllum'' (the mescalbeans). ''Styphnolobium'' has galactomannans as seed polysaccharide reserve, in contrast ''Sophora'' contains arabinogalactans, and ''Dermatophyllum'' amyloid. The New Zealand ''Sophora'' species are known as Kowhai. The Toromiro (''Sophora toromiro'') was formerly a common tree in the forests of Easter Island. The tree fell victim to the deforestation that eliminated the island's forests by the 18th century, and later became extinct in the wild. The tree is being reintroduced to the island in a scientific project partly led jointly by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Göteborg Botanical Garden, where the only remaining plants of this species with a documented origin were propagated in the 1960s from seeds collected by Thor Heyerdahl. ''Mayo'' or ''Mayú'' (''Sophora macrocarpa'') is a small tree that inhabits the Chilean Matorral. ==Species== ''Sophora'' comprises the following species:〔 * ''Sophora albescens'' (Rehder) C.Y. Ma * ''Sophora albo-petiolulata'' Léonard * ''Sophora alopecuroides'' L.—Sophora Root * ''Sophora bakeri'' Prain * ''Sophora benthamii'' Steenis * ''Sophora brachygyna'' C.Y. Ma * ''Sophora cassioides'' (Phil.) Sparre—Pelú (Chile) * ''Sophora chathamica'' Cockayne—Coastal Kowhai (New Zealand) * ''Sophora chrysophylla'' (Salisb.) Seem.—Māmane (Hawaii) * ''Sophora davidii'' (Franch.) Kom. ex Pavol. * ''Sophora denudata'' Bory * ''Sophora dunnii'' Craib * ''Sophora exigua'' Craib * ''Sophora fernandeziana'' (Phil.) Skottsb. (Juan Fernández Islands) * * var. ''fernandeziana'' (Phil.) Skottsb. * * var. ''reedeana'' (R.A.Phillips) Skottsb. * ''Sophora flavescens'' Aiton—Ku Shen (Eastern Asia) * * var. ''flavescens'' Aiton * * var. ''galegoides'' (Pall.) DC. * * var. ''kronei'' (Hance) C.Y.Ma * ''Sophora franchetiana'' Dunn * ''Sophora fraseri'' Benth. * ''Sophora fulvida'' (Allan) Heenan & de Lange—Waitakere Kowhai (New Zealand) * ''Sophora godleyi''—Godley Kowhai, Papa Kowhai (New Zealand) * ''Sophora howinsula'' (W.R.B.Oliv.) P.S.Green —Lignum Vitae, Lord Howe Kowhai * ''Sophora inhambanensis'' Klotzsch * ''Sophora interrupta'' Bedd. * ''Sophora jaubertii'' Spach * ''Sophora koreensis'' Nakai * ''Sophora lanaiensis'' (Chock) O. Deg. & I. Deg. * ''Sophora leachiana'' M. Peck * ''Sophora linearifolia'' Griseb. * ''Sophora longicarinata'' (G.Simpson) Allan—Limestone Kowhai (New Zealand) * ''Sophora longipes'' Merr. * ''Sophora macrocarpa'' Sm.—Mayo or Mayú (Chile) * ''Sophora mangarevaensis'' H.St.John (French Polynesia) * ''Sophora masafuerana'' (Phil.) Skottsb. (Juan Fernández Islands) * ''Sophora microcarpa'' C.Y. Ma * ''Sophora microphylla'' Aiton—Small-leaved Kowhai (New Zealand) * ''Sophora molloyi''—Cook Strait Kowhai (New Zealand) * ''Sophora mollis'' (Royle) Baker * * subsp. ''griffithii'' (Stocks) Ali * * subsp. ''mollis'' (Royle) Baker * ''Sophora moorcroftiana'' (Benth.) Baker * ''Sophora nuttalliana'' B.L. Turner * ''Sophora pachycarpa'' Schrenk ex C.A.Mey. * ''Sophora polyphylla'' Urb. * ''Sophora praetorulosa'' Chun & T. Chen * ''Sophora prazeri'' Prain * * var. ''mairei'' (Pamp.) P.C.Tsoong * * var. ''prazeri'' Prain * ''Sophora prostrata'' Buchanan—Dwarf Kowhai, Prostrate Kowhai (New Zealand) * ''Sophora raivavaeensis'' H.St.John (French Polynesia) * ''Sophora rapaensis'' H.St.John (French Polynesia) * ''Sophora rhynchocarpa'' Griseb. * ''Sophora saxicola'' Proctor (Jamaica) * Sophora secundiflora, a popular landscape plant, was reclassified to Dermatophyllum secundiflorum. * ''Sophora stenophylla'' A. Gray * ''Sophora tetraptera'' J.F. Mill.—Large-leaved Kowhai, Taupo Kowhai (New Zealand) * ''Sophora tomentosa'' L.—Necklace Pod (Pantropical on coasts) * * subsp. ''littoralis'' (Schrad.) Yakovlev * * subsp. ''occidentalis'' (L.) Brummitt * * subsp. ''tomentosa'' L. * ''Sophora tonkinensis'' Gagnep. * ''Sophora toromiro'' Skottsb.—Toromiro (Easter Island) * ''Sophora unifoliata'' (Rock) O. Deg. & Sherff * ''Sophora velutina'' Lindl. * * subsp. ''cavaleriei'' (H.Lev.) Brummitt & J.B.Gillett * * subsp. ''velutina'' Lindl. * * subsp. ''zimbabweensis'' J. B. Gillett & Brummitt * ''Sophora violacea'' Thwaites * ''Sophora wightii'' Baker (India) * ''Sophora xanthantha'' C.Y. Ma * ''Sophora yunnanensis'' C.Y. Ma * ''Sophora zeylanica'' Trimen 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sophora」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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