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Soterioupolis
Soterioupolis ((ギリシア語:Σωτηριούπολις); "City of the Saviour") or Soteropolis (Σωτηρόπολις) was a Byzantine fortress in the southeastern Black Sea coast during the 10th–12th centuries. The name has been suggested to apply to two different localities, Pitsunda in Abkhazia and Borçka in Turkey.
== Byzantine town ==
According to the mid-10th century ''De administrando imperio'', Soterioupolis was located on the border with Abchasia, while seal finds attest that it was the capital of a border district or ''kleisoura''. The ''Escorial Taktikon'', written in the 970s, mentions a "''strategos'' of Soterioupolis or Bourzo", and the contemporary ''Notitiae Episcopatuum'' record that it was the seat of an autonomous archbishopric.
The site's identification has been disputed: Alexander Kazhdan in the ''Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'' dismisses the suggestions expressed by various authors for an identification with Pitsunda or Sukhumi, and considers Soterioupolis to have been a single site. Werner Seibt and Ivan Jordanov, on the other hand, distinguish between the various references of the name, equating the Soterioupolis of the ''De administrando imperio'' with Pitsunda, which in the mid-11th century formed part of a military command with nearby Anakopia, securing Byzantine presence in coastal Abchasia and the northwestern Caucasus in general, where Byzantium had commercial and strategic interests. The seat of the ''strategos'' of the ''Escorial Taktikon'', however, is considered to be located further south, at the fortress Bourzo (identified by Nicolas Oikonomides and B. Baumgartner with modern Borçka in Turkey), to which are to be attributed the seals of the ''kleisourarches'' of Soteropolis, as well as the references preserved in the collection of miracles of Saint Eugenius of Trebizond, according to which the ''strategos'' was a subordinate of the ''doux'' of Chaldia.
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