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Soviet war crimes
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War crimes perpetrated by the Soviet Union and its armed forces from 1919 to 1991 include acts committed by the Red Army (later called the Soviet Army) as well as the NKVD, including the NKVD's Internal Troops. In some cases, these crimes may have been committed on express orders of Joseph Stalin and the early Soviet government's policy of Red Terror. In other instances, they were committed without orders by regular army troops as retribution against civilians or military personnel of countries that had been in armed conflict with the USSR or during partisan warfare.
A significant amount of these incidents occurred in Northern and Eastern Europe before, during and in the aftermath of World War II, and involved summary executions and mass murder of prisoners of war (such as the Katyn massacre) and mistreatment of civilians in Soviet-occupied territories. Although there are numerous documented cases of such incidents, very few members of the Soviet armed forces and leaders such as Vassili Kononov, Lavrentiy Beria have ever been charged with war crimes and none of them by the International Criminal Court or Soviet or Russian tribunal. For example, when the victors of World War II founded the International Military Tribunal there were no Soviet defendants, a clear case of victor's justice.
==Background==
The Soviet Union did not recognize Imperial Russia's signing of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 as binding, and refused to recognize them until 1955. This created a situation in which war crimes by the Soviet armed forces could be eventually rationalized. The Soviet refusal to recognize the Hague Conventions also gave Nazi Germany the rationale for inhuman treatment of captured Soviet military personnel.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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