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Spaniel
A spaniel is a type of gun dog. It is commonly, but not necessarily correctly, assumed that spaniels originated in Spain, since the word ''spaniel'' derives from the medieval French ''espaigneul'', "Spanish" (modern French ''espagnol''). Spaniels were especially bred to flush game out of denser brush. By the late 17th century spaniels had been specialized into water and land breeds. The extinct English Water Spaniel was used to retrieve water fowl shot down with arrows. Land spaniels were setting spaniels—those that crept forward and pointed their game, allowing hunters to ensnare them with nets, and springing spaniels—those that sprang pheasants and partridges for hunting with falcons, and rabbits for hunting with greyhounds. During the 17th century, the role of the spaniel dramatically changed as Englishmen began hunting with flintlocks for wing shooting. Charles Goodall and Julia Gasow (1984)〔Goodall and Gasow, ''The New Complete English Springer Spaniel'', 1984.〕 write the spaniels were "transformed from untrained, wild beaters, to smooth, polished gun dogs."
==Definition and description==
The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines Spaniel as "a breed of dog with a long silky coat and drooping ears".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=spaniel )〕
Not much has changed about spaniels in general over the years, as can be seen in this 1921 entry in ''Collier's New Encyclopedia'':
Their distinguishing characteristics are a rather broad muzzle, remarkably long and full ears, hair plentiful and beautifully waved, particularly that of the ears, tail, and hinder parts of the thighs and legs. The prevailing color is liver and white, sometimes red and white or black and white, and sometimes deep brown, or black on the face and breast, with a tan spot over each eye. The English spaniel is a superior and very pure breed. The King Charles is a small variety of the spaniel used as a lapdog. The water spaniels, large and small, differ from the common spaniel only in the roughness of their coats, and in uniting the aquatic propensities of the Newfoundland dog with the fine hunting qualities of their own race. Spaniels possess a great share of intelligence, affection, and obedience, which qualities, combined with much beauty, make them highly prized as companions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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