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Sparfloxacin (spar FLOX a sin), trade names Spacin in Bangladesh, Zagam and Zagam Respipac, is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It has a controversial safety profile. Zagam is no longer available in the United States. ==Pharmacological properties== Sparfloxacin is about 37-45% bound to proteins in the blood. *Sparfloxacin achieves a high degree of penetration into most tissues, except for the central nervous system. *Following a single 400 mg oral dose of sparfloxacin, the mean peak concentration in cantharides-induced inflammatory fluid is 1.3 lA-g per ml after a mean duration of 5 h post-dose. Thus(overall sparfloxacin penetration into inflammatory fluid is 117% and the mean elimination half-life from this fluid is 19.7 h. *Skin penetration of sparfloxacin is good with skin:plasma ratios of 1.00 at 4 h (time of peak plasma concentration) and 1.39 at 5 h. Following single oral doses of 100 or 200 mg, concentrations in skin of 0.56 and 0.82-1.31 lA-g per g, respectively, can be expected. Sparfloxacin achieves excellent penetration into human polymorphonuclear leukocytes ''in vitro''. *Sparfloxacin achieves high concentrations in respiratory and sinus tissues. Following an oral loading dose of 400 mg followed by 200 mg daily, mean concentrations of sparfloxacin (2.5 to 5 h after dosing) in bronchial mucosa, epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages are 4.4 µg/g, 15.0 µg/ml and 53.7 µg/g, respectively. The mean sparfloxacin concentration in maxillary sinus mucosa, 2-5 h after a single 400 mg dose, is 5.8 µg/g. Shimada et al. ( 1993) has summarized many of the studies published in Japanese regarding the tissue distribution of sparfloxacin. (high concentrations are achieved in sputum, pleural fluid, skin, lung, prostate, gynecological tissues, breast milk and otolaryngological tissues. *Salivary concentrations are 66-70% of plasma levels, while CSF penetration appears to be somewhat limited with CSF:plasma concentration ratios of only 0.25-0.35. *Sparfloxacin achieves concentrations in bile and gallbladder of 7.1- to 83-fold the concurrent serum levels. In rabbits, sparfloxacin achieves very good penetration into the ocular vitreous (54%), cornea (76%) and lens (36%). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sparfloxacin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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