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Speleomantes : ウィキペディア英語版 | Speleomantes
''Speleomantes'', the European cave salamanders, is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae, commonly known as the lungless salamanders. It is one of two genera in the family to inhabit the Old World (the other being Karsenia), with the remaining 250 or so species being found in North, Central and South America. This genus is endemic to Italy and a few nearby areas (San Marino, Monaco, and eastern Provence). ==Characteristics== Until recently, ''Speleomantes'' was combined with the web-toed salamander genus ''Hydromantes'' from the Sierra Nevada range of California, which are their closest relatives. They lack lungs; respiration takes place through the skin, which must be kept moist, and the lining of the mouth. The head is broad and distinct with prominent eyes. There are characteristic deep nasolabial grooves between the nostrils and the edge of the lips. The tongue has a broad tip and is extensible, being shot forward to catch prey. The tail is short, less than half the length of the body, and limbs are robust. The toes often have blunt tips and are partially webbed.
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