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Wasps of the genus ''Sphex'' (commonly known as digger wasps) are cosmopolitan predators that sting and paralyze prey insects. ''Sphex'' is one of many genera in the old digger wasp family Sphecidae (''sensu lato''), though most apart from the Sphecinae have now been moved to the family Crabronidae. There are over 130 known ''Sphex'' species. ==Behaviour== In preparation for egg laying, they construct a protected "nest" (some species dig nests in the ground, while others use pre-existing holes) and then stock it with captured insects. Typically, the prey are left alive, but paralyzed by wasp toxins. The wasps lay their eggs in the provisioned nest and the wasp larvae feed on the paralyzed insects as they develop. The great golden digger wasp (''Sphex ichneumoneus'') is found in North America. The developing wasps spend the winter in their nest. When the new generation of adults emerge, they contain the genetically programmed behaviors required to carry out another season of nest building. During the summer, a female might build as many as six nests, each with several compartments for her eggs. The building and provisioning of the nests takes place in a stereotypical, step-by-step fashion. ''Sphex'' has been shown, as in some Jean Henri Fabre studies,〔Fabre, J.H. (1915/2001). ''The hunting wasps''. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.〕 not to count how many crickets it collects for its nest. Although the wasp instinctively searches for four crickets, it cannot take into account a lost cricket, whether the cricket has been lost to ants or flies or simply been misplaced. ''Sphex'' drags its cricket prey towards its burrow by the antennae; if the antennae of the cricket are cut off, the wasp would not think to continue to pull its prey by a leg. The navigation abilities of ''Sphex'' were studied by the ethologist Niko Tinbergen.〔Tinbergen, N. (1974) Curious naturalists(2ndEd). Harmondsworth: Penguin.〕 Richard Dawkins and Jane Brockmann later studied female rivalry over nesting holes in ''Sphex ichneumoneus''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sphex」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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