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''Sphyrna'' (from the Greek word ''σφυρί'' "hammer") is a genus of hammerhead sharks with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. Members of ''Sphyrna'' have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey items such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans and other benthic organisms hide in the sands and sediment along these zones. Members of Sphyrna are also known by a large number of synonyms such as ''Zygaena'', ''Cestracion'', and ''Sphyrichthys''. The earliest species described of this genus was Sphyrna zygaena by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, while the newest member Sphyrna gilberti was discovered and described in 2013. ==Species== There are currently eight recognized species in this genus:〔〔Martin, R. Aidan. (February 24, 1998). (Recent Changes in Hammerhead Taxonomy ). ''ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research''. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.〕 * ''Sphyrna corona'' S. Springer, 1940 (Scalloped bonnethead) * ''Sphyrna gilberti'' Quattro, Driggers, Grady, Ulrich & M. A. Roberts, 2013 (Carolina hammerhead)〔Quattro, J.M., Driggers, W.B. III, Grady, J.M., Ulrich, G.F. & Roberts, M.A. (2013): ''Sphyrna gilberti'' sp. nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the western Atlantic Ocean. ''Zootaxa, 3702 (2): 159–178.''〕 * ''Sphyrna lewini'' (E. Griffith & C. H. Smith, 1834) (Scalloped hammerhead) * ''Sphyrna media'' S. Springer, 1940 (Scoophead) * ''Sphyrna mokarran'' (Rüppell, 1837) (Great hammerhead) * ''Sphyrna tiburo'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bonnethead) * ''Sphyrna tudes'' (Valenciennes, 1822) (Smalleye hammerhead) * ''Sphyrna zygaena'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (Smooth hammerhead) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sphyrna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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