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Spiff
A spiff, or spiv is an immediate bonus for a sale. Typically, spiffs are paid, either by a manufacturer or employer, directly to a salesperson for selling a ''specific'' product. It is sometimes given as SPIF or SPIFF with invented words to fit the letters, but these are not the origin (see below).
==Origin==
An early reference to a spiff can be found in a slang dictionary of 1859; "''The percentage allowed by drapers to their young men when they effect sale of old fashioned or undesirable stock.''"〔Oxford English Dictionary (1989) 2nd edition〕 An article in the ''Pall Mall Gazette'' of 1890 on the practices in London shops uses the term:
... a "spiff" system is usually adopted, spiffs being premiums placed on certain articles, ''not'' of the last fashion, indicated by a marvelous hieroglyphic put on the price ticket. These marks are well known by the assistant, and the almost invisible mystic sign explains why an article, wholly unsuitable, is foisted on the jaded customer as "just the thing."〔''Pall Mall Gazette'' (London, England), Wednesday, April 2, 1890, ''The Ladies Corner: Round the Clock with a London Draper''〕
The Oxford English Dictionary suggests that (apart from a corruption of ''specific'') it could be connected with the use of the word in that period to mean a dandy or somebody smartly dressed (hence spiffy, and to spiff up - to improve the appearance of a place or a person), but nobody seems to have been able to disentangle the threads of which came first, or what influenced what, or where the word originally came from.〔〔Daily Mirror, 11 Jan 1963, p 16 "Where the spivs began"〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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