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''Spindalis'' is a genus consisting of four non-migratory bird species. The genus is considered endemic to the Greater Antilles; a population on Cozumel Island, off the Yucatán Peninsula's east coast, is part of that island's West Indian fauna. Traditionally considered aberrant tanagers, current studies indicate a different placement. ''Spindalis'' males are characterized by bright plumage while females are duller and have a different coloration. The nests of ''Spindalis'' are cup-shaped.〔Garrildo ''et al.'', p.587.〕 * Western spindalis, ''Spindalis zena'' * Puerto Rican spindalis, ''Spindalis portoricensis'' * Hispaniolan spindalis, ''Spindalis dominicensis'' * Jamaican spindalis, ''Spindalis nigricephala'' Historically, the genus consisted of a single polytypic species, ''Spindalis zena'', with eight recognized subspecies—''S. z. townsendi'' and ''S. z. zena'' from the Bahamas, ''S. z. pretrei'' from Cuba, ''S. z. salvini'' from Grand Cayman, ''S. z. dominicensis'' from Hispaniola and Gonâve Island, ''S. z. portoricensis'' from Puerto Rico, ''S. z. nigreciphala'' from Jamaica, and ''S. z. benedicti'' from Cozumel Island. In 1997, based primarily on morphological and vocalization differences, three of the subspecies (''portoricensis'', ''dominicensis'' and ''nigricephala'') were elevated to species status. ''S. zena'' remained a polytypic species with five recognized subspecies—''S. z. pretrei'', ''S. z. salvini'', ''S. z. benedicti'', ''S. z. townsendi'', and ''S. z. zena''.〔Garrildo ''et al.'', pp. 588–89.〕 ==References== * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spindalis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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