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Spinosauridae
Spinosauridae is a family of specialised theropod dinosaurs. Members of this family were large predators with elongated, crocodile-like skulls, sporting conical teeth with no or only very tiny serrations. The front dentary teeth fanned out, giving the animal a characteristic look. The name of this family alludes to the typically conspicuous sail-like structure protruding from the back of species in the type genus, ''Spinosaurus''. The purpose of the sail is disputed; while popular explanations are that it may have served as a thermoregulator, a threat display, or as a sexual display during courtship, some palaeontologists rather interpret the neural spine elongation in ''Spinosaurus'' as a support of a muscular/fatty hump.〔Bailey, J. B. (1997). "Neural spine elongation in dinosaurs: Sailbacks or buffalo-backs?" ''Journal of Paleontology'' 71 (6) : 1124-1146.〕
Spinosaurid fossils have been recovered in Africa, Europe, South America, Asia,〔Milner, A., Buffetaut, E., Suteethorn, V. (2007): A tall–spined spinosaurid theropod from Thailand and the biogeography of spinosaurs. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 27: 118A.〕 and Australia.〔Barrett, P.M., Benson, R.B.J, Rich, T.H., and Vickers-Rich, P. (2011). "(First spinosaurid dinosaur from Australia and the cosmopolitanism of Cretaceous dinosaur faunas. )" ''Biology Letters'' online preprint 〕
==Evolutionary history==
The first spinosaurids appeared during the Late Jurassic and became abundant in the Early Cretaceous. So far, the Late Jurassic record of spinosaurids consists only of referred teeth, dating to 155 million years ago.〔Buffetaut, E. (2008). "Spinosaurid teeth from the Late Jurassic of Tengaduru, Tanzania, with remarks on the evolutionary and biogeographical history of the Spinosauridae." In J.-M. Mazin, J. Pouech, P. Hantzpergue, V. Lacombe., ''Mid-Mesozoic Life and Environments''. Cognac (France), June 24th-28th 2008, pp. 26-28.〕 They seem to have declined sharply in the Cenomanian, and while teeth from the Turonian of Argentina have been attributed to spinosaurid dinosaurs,〔Salgado, L., Canudo, J.I., Garrido, A.C., Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I., Garcia, R.A., de la Fuente, M.S., Barco, J.L., and Bollati, R. (2009). "Upper Cretaceous vertebrates from El Anfiteatro area, Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina." ''Cretaceous Research'' in press.〕 they recently turned out to be crurotarsan teeth.〔Hasegawa, Y., Tanaka, G., Takakuwa Y. & Koike S., 2010. Fine sculptures on a tooth of ''Spinosaurus'' (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from Morocco. Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History, 14, 11-20〕 Some are known to have persisted into the mid-Santonian, represented by a single baryonychine tooth found in the Majiacun Formation of Henan, China.〔Hone, Xu and Wang (2010). "A probable baryonychine (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) tooth from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan Province, China." ''Vertebrata PalAsiatica'', 48: 19-26.〕 There are also possible indeterminate remains of Spinosaurids in the Maevarano Formation.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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