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Spintronics
Spintronics (a portmanteau meaning spin transport electronics〔(Physics Profile: "Stu Wolf: True D! Hollywood Story" ) 〕〔(Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future ). Sciencemag.org (16 November 2001). Retrieved on 21 October 2013.〕), also known as spinelectronics or fluxtronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices.
Spintronics differs from the older magnetoelectronics, in that spins are manipulated by both magnetic and electrical fields.
==History==
Spintronics emerged from discoveries in the 1980s concerning spin-dependent electron transport phenomena in solid-state devices. This includes the observation of spin-polarized electron injection from a ferromagnetic metal to a normal metal by Johnson and Silsbee (1985) and the discovery of giant magnetoresistance independently by Albert Fert et al. and Peter Grünberg et al. (1988). The origins of spintronics can be traced to the ferromagnet/superconductor tunneling experiments pioneered by Meservey and Tedrow and initial experiments on magnetic tunnel junctions by Julliere in the 1970s. The use of semiconductors for spintronics began with the theoretical proposal of a spin field-effect-transistor by Datta and Das in 1990. and of the electric dipole spin resonance by Rashba in 1960.〔E. I. Rashba, Cyclotron and combined resonances in a perpendicular field, Sov. Phys. Solid State 2, 1109 -1122 (1960)〕
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