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Srednekolymsk
Srednekolymsk ((ロシア語:Среднеколы́мск); , ''Orto Xalıma'') is a town and the administrative center of Srednekolymsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kolyma River, northeast of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,525.
==History==
When the Russians arrived in the 1640s, they built three forts on the Kolyma: Nizhnekolymsk, Srednekolymsk, and Verkhnekolymsk (i.e., lower, middle, and upper Kolymsk). They were about three days sled journey apart. Nizhnekolymsk was on the delta near the route to Anadyrsk. Srednekolymsk was at the head of navigation by seagoing koches, in forested country for good fur trapping and on the overland route to the Indigirka River. Verkhnekolymsk was smaller and upriver. The first fort (''ostrog'') was founded in 1644〔''Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic''〕 by Mikhail Stadukhin. Some say that this was Nizhnekolymsk, but Fisher〔Raymond H. Fisher. ''The Voyage of Semon Dezhnev'', 1981〕 thinks that the original fort was Srednekolymsk and that the main Russian center was moved to Nizhnekolymsk by 1655 when the Anadyrsk route became important.
At some point the name was changed to Yarmanka, from the Russian word for "fair", referring to the annual gatherings of indigenous inhabitants of the area here in spring. The settlement grew over the next century, and was granted town status and its present name in 1775. In Imperial times, it was a destination for political exiles.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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