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''Staphylococcus'' (from the (ギリシア語:σταφυλή), ''staphylē'', "grape" and κόκκος, ''kókkos'', "granule") is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. Under the microscope, they appear round (cocci), and form in grape-like clusters. The ''Staphylococcus'' genus includes at least 40 species. Of these, nine have two subspecies, one has three subspecies and one has four supspecies. Most are harmless and reside normally on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms. Found worldwide, they are a small component of soil microbial flora. ==Taxonomy== The taxonomy is based on 16s rRNA sequences, and most of the staphylococcal species fall into 11 clusters: #''S. aureus'' group – ''S. aureus'', ''S. simiae'' #''S. auricularis'' group – ''S. auricularis'' #''S. carnosus'' group – ''S. carnosus'', ''S. condimenti'', ''S. massiliensis'', ''S. piscifermentans'', ''S. simulans'' #''S. epidermidis'' group – ''S. capitis'', ''S. caprae'', ''S. epidermidis'', ''S. saccharolyticus'' #''S. haemolyticus'' group – ''S. devriesei'', ''S. haemolyticus'', ''S. hominis'' #''S. hyicus-intermedius'' group – ''S. agnetis'', ''S. chromogenes'', ''S. felis'', ''S. delphini'', ''S. hyicus'', ''S. intermedius'', ''S. lutrae'', ''S. microti'', ''S. muscae'', ''S. pseudintermedius'', ''S. rostri'', ''S. schleiferi'' #''S. lugdunensis'' group – ''S. lugdunensis'' #''S. saprophyticus'' group – ''S. arlettae'', ''S. cohnii'', ''S. equorum'', ''S. gallinarum'', ''S. kloosii'', ''S. leei'', ''S. nepalensis'', ''S. saprophyticus'', ''S. succinus'', ''S. xylosus'' #''S. sciuri'' group – ''S. fleurettii'', ''S. lentus'', ''S. sciuri'', ''S. stepanovicii'', ''S. vitulinus'' #''S. simulans'' group – ''S. simulans'' #''S. warneri'' group – ''S. pasteuri'', ''S. warneri'' A twelfth group – that of ''S. caseolyticus'' – has now been moved to a new genus ''Macrococcus'', the species of which are currently the closest known relatives of the ''Staphylococci''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Staphylococcus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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