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A stapler is a mechanical device that joins pages of paper or similar material by driving a thin metal staple through the sheets and folding the ends. Staplers are widely used in government, business, offices, homes and schools. The word "stapler" can actually refer to a number of different devices of varying uses. In addition to joining paper sheets together, staplers can also be used in a surgical setting to join tissue together with surgical staples to close a surgical wound (much in the same way as sutures). Typically, most staplers are used to join multiple sheets of paper. Paper staplers come in two distinct types: manual and electric. Manual staplers are normally hand-held, although models that are used while set on a desk or other surface are not uncommon. Electric staplers exist in a variety of different designs and models. Their primary operating function is to join large numbers of paper sheets together in rapid succession. Some electric staplers can join up to 20 sheets at a time.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.xacto.com/Catalog/Staplers/Electric )〕 A staple gun is usually a heavier duty, hand-held device; it can be strictly manual or pneumatic. Typical staplers are a third-class lever. ==History== The first known stapler was made in the 18th century in France for King Louis XV. Each staple was inscribed with the insignia of the royal court, as required. The growing uses of paper in the 19th century created a demand for an efficient paper fastener.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work = Early Office Museum )〕 In 1866, George McGill received U.S. patent 56,587 〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.google.com/patents?id=vVkAAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&source=gbs_overview_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false )〕 for a small, bendable brass paper fastener that was a precursor to the modern staple. In 1867, he received U.S. patent 67,665〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.google.com/patents?id=ZokAAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&source=gbs_overview_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false )〕 for a press to insert the fastener into paper. He showed his invention at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and continued to work on these and other various paper fasteners throughout the 1880s. In 1868 a patent was also taken out for a stapler in England by C.H.Gould. As well, also in 1868, Albert Kletzker of St Louis, MO patented a device to staple paper. In 1877 Henry R. Heyl filed patent number 195,603 for the first machines to both insert and clinch a staple in one step,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 View the Patent )〕 and for this reason some consider him the inventor of the modern stapler. In 1876 and 1877 Heyl also filed patents for the Novelty Paper Box Manufacturing Co of Philadelphia,PA,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 View the Patent )〕 However, the N. P. B. Manufacturing Co.'s inventions were to be used to staple boxes and books. The first machine to hold a magazine of many pre-formed staples came out in 1878. On February 18, 1879, George McGill received patent 212,316〔(【引用サイトリンク】 View the Patent )〕 for the McGill Single-Stroke Staple Press, the first commercially successful stapler. This device weighed over two and a half pounds and loaded a single 1/2 inch wide wire staple, which it could drive through several sheets of paper. The first published use of the word "stapler" to indicate a machine for fastening papers with a thin metal wire was in an advertisement in the American ''Munsey's Magazine'' in 1901.〔 In the early 1900s, several devices were developed and patented that punched and folded papers to attach them to each other without a metallic clip. The ''Clipless Stand Machine'' (made in North Berwick) sold from 1909 into the 1920s. It cut a tongue in the paper that it folded back and tucked in. ''Bump's New Model Paper Fastener'' used a similar cutting and weaving technology. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stapler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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