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:''Not to be confused with statuary, statutory etc.'' Statary is a term currently applied in fields such as ecology, ethology, psychology. In modern use it contrasts on the one hand with such concepts as ''migratory'', ''nomadic'', or ''shifting'', and on the other with ''static'' or ''immobile''. The word also is of historical interest in its change of meaning as its usage changed. ==Current usage== In current usage in fields such as biology, statary commonly means ''in a particular location or state, but not rigidly so''. Army ant colonies for example are said to be in a ''statary phase'' when they occupy one bivouac for an extended period instead of just overnight. This is as opposed to a ''nomadic phase'', in which they travel and forage practically daily. This does not mean that ant colonies in a statary phase do not move nor even that they do not forage while statary; they often do both, sometimes daily. Correspondingly a colony in a nomadic phase does not travel without rest; it bivouacs for the night. The significance of the terms is that the colonies' behaviour patterns differ radically according to their activity phase; one pattern favours maintaining a persistent presence where brood is being raised, whereas the other favours continual nomadic wandering into new foraging grounds.〔Maier, Norman Raymond Frederick; Schneirla, Théodore Christian. Principles of animal psychology. McGraw-Hill 1935〕〔Gotwald, William H. Army Ants: The Biology of Social Predation. Publisher: Cornell University Press 1995. ISBN 978-0801426339〕 Such phases have raised interest in studies in aspects of comparative psychology〔Oyama, Susan; Griffths, Paul E.; Gray, Russell D. (editors) Cycles of Contingency: Developmental Systems and Evolution. 2001 ISBN 0-262-15053-0〕 and evolution.〔Reeson, A. F.; Wilson, K.; Gunn, A.; Hails, R. S.; Goulson, D. Baculovirus resistance in the noctuid Spodoptera exempta is phenotypically plastic and responds to population density. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1998.0503 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 22 September 1998 vol. 265 no. 1407 1787-1791〕 The term ''statary'' also applies in contexts other than ants or colonial organisms. Swarm-forming species of locusts go beyond having statary and nomadic phases of behaviour; their growing nymphs actually develop into different adult morphologies, depending on whether the conditions during their growth favour swarming or not. Locusts that adopt the swarming morphology are said to be the migratory morphs, while the rest are called statary morphs.〔West-Eberhard, Mary Jane. Developmental Plasticity and Evolution. Publisher: Oxford University Press 2003. ISBN 978-0195122350〕 Effectively similar morphs occur in some other insect species, such as army worm.〔Leather, Hardie, Jim. Insect Reproduction. Publisher: CRC Press 1995. ISBN 978-0849366956〕 In some technical fields ''statary'' need not refer literally to location or motion, but refer figuratively to their having particular characteristic but non-rigid attributes, such as atmospheric pressure. The following section instances examples of such senses occurring in the history of the term. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Statary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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