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A federated state (which may be referred to as a ''state,'' a ''province'', a ''canton'', a ''Land'', etc.) is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federal union (federation).〔''The Australian National Dictionary: Fourth Edition'', pg 1395. (2004) Canberra. ISBN 978-0-19-551771-2.〕 Such states differ from fully sovereign states, in that they have transferred a portion of their sovereign powers to a federal government.〔(Constitution of the United States of America: Tenth Amendment, Reserved Powers )〕 Importantly, when states choose to federate, they lose their standing as persons of international law. Instead, the federal union as a single entity becomes the sovereign state for purposes of international law.〔Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford, Clarendon Press.〕 A federated state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory and is a form of regional government. In some cases, a federation is created from a union of political entities, which are either independent, or dependent territories of another sovereign entity (most commonly a colonial power).〔Examples are Australia and the United States.〕 In other cases, federated states have been created out of the regions of previously unitary states.〔This occurred in Belgium in 1993. The Belgian regions had previously devolved powers.〕 Once a federal constitution is formed, the rules governing the relationship between federal and regional powers become part of the country's constitutional law and not international law. In countries with federal constitutions, there is a division of power between the central government and the component states. These entities - states, provinces, cantons, Länder, etc. - are partially self-governing and are afforded a degree of constitutionally guaranteed autonomy that varies substantially from one federation to another.〔For instance, Canadian provinces and Swiss cantons possess substantially more powers and enjoy more protection against interference and infringments from the central government than most non-Western federations.〕 Depending on the form the decentralization of powers takes, a federated state's legislative powers may or may not be overruled or vetoed by the federal government. Laws governing the relationship between federal and regional powers can be amended through the federal constitution and state constitutions. == List of constituents by federation == The "federated units" in the table below have inherent governmental authority in the federation's constitutional system, while the "other units" are delegated authority by the federal government or are administered directly by it (see federal district and federal territory). * * * } |''1 autonomous city:'' |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p38〕 | ''6 states:'' }} | ''10 territories:'' |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p46〕 | ''9 states:'' }} | |- | style="vertical-align: top" rowspan="2" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p74〕 | ''3 regions:''〔Flanders and Wallonia are subdivided into five provinces each, which are mandated by the Constitution of Belgium. Provincial governance are the responsibility of the regional governments.〕 | rowspan="2" | |- | ''3 communities:''〔The communities and regions are separate government institutions with different areas of responsibility. The communities are organized based on linguistic boundaries, which are different from regional boundaries.〕 |- | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top" | | ''2 entities:''〔 | rowspan="2" | ''1 self-governing district:'' |- | The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is itself a federation of 10 cantons: }} |- | rowspan="3" style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p101〕 | ''26 states:'' }} | rowspan="3" | |- | ''1 federal district:'' |- |''5,564 municipalities''〔The 1988 Brazilian Constitution treats the municipalities as parts of the Federation and not simply dependent subdivisions of the states.〕〔(Article 18 )〕 |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p132〕 | ''10 provinces:'' }} | ''3 territories:'' |- | style="vertical-align: top" | | ''3 islands:''〔 | |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p239〕 | ''9 regions:'' }} | ''2 chartered cities:'' |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p275〕 | ''16 states:'' }} | |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p328〕 | ''29 states:'' }} | ''7 union territories:'' |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p346〕 | ''19 governorates:'' | ''Autonomous region:'' |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p460〕 | ''13 states:'' }} | ''3 federal territories:'' |- | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p481〕 | ''31 states:'' }} | rowspan="2" | |- | ''1 federal district:'' |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p486〕 | ''4 states:'' | |- | style="vertical-align: top" | | ''14 zones:'' | |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p537〕 | ''36 states:'' | ''1 Territory:'' |- | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p549〕 | rowspan="2" | ''4 provinces:'' | ''2 autonomous areas:''〔 |- | ''2 territories:'' |- | rowspan="6" style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p600〕〔(Federal structure of Russia ), Article 65 of Russian Constitution.〕 | ''46 oblasts:'' }} | rowspan="6" | |- | ''22 republics:''〔 }} |- | ''9 krais:'' }} |- | ''4 autonomous okrugs:''〔 |- | ''3 federal cities:'' |- | ''1 autonomous oblast:''〔 |- | style="vertical-align: top" | | ''2 states:'' | |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dastuurkeenna.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/120708-Harmonized-Draft-Constitution-Eng-Tran-_incl-errata-changes.pdf )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US )〕 | ''federal member states:''〔Adopted constitution accommodates existing regional governments, with the ultimate number and boundaries of the Federal Member States to be determined by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament.〕 }} | |- | style="vertical-align: top" | | ''10 states:'' }} | |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p687〕 | ''18 states:'' | |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p700〕 | ''26 cantons:'' }} | |- | style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p760〕 | ''7 emirates: }} | |- | rowspan="3" style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p774〕 | rowspan="3" | ''50 states:'' }} | ''1 federal district:'' |- | ''1 incorporated territory:'' |- | ''15 unincorporated territories:'' |- | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top" | 〔SBS World Guide 2008, p798〕 | rowspan="2" | ''23 states:'' }} | ''1 federal district:'' |- | ''1 federal dependency:'' |} 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Federated state」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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