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Stavudine (2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine, d4T, brand name Zerit) is an antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/stavudine.html )〕 It is of the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system. ==Adverse events== The main severe adverse effect is peripheral neuropathy, which can be corrected by reducing dosage. Stavudine has been shown in laboratory test to be genotoxic, but with clinical doses its carcinogenic effects are non-existent. It is also one of the most likely antiviral drugs to cause lipodystrophy, and for this reason it is no longer considered an appropriate treatment for most patients in developed countries. HLA-B *4001 may be used as a genetic marker to predict which patients will develop stavudine-associated lipodystrophy, to avoid or shorten the duration of stavudine use in Thailand. It is still used as first choice in first line therapy in resource poor settings such as in India. Only in case of development of peripheral neuropathy or pregnancy is it changed to the next choice, zidovudine. On Monday 30 November 2009, the World Health Organization stated that "(WHO ) recommends that countries phase out the use of Stavudine, or d4T, because of its long-term, irreversible side-effects. Stavudine is still widely used in first-line therapy in developing countries due to its low cost and widespread availability. Zidovudine (AZT) or tenofovir (TDF) are recommended as less toxic and equally effective alternatives."〔(【引用サイトリンク】World Health Organization ">url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2009/world_aids_20091130/en/index.html )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stavudine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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