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Stephaton
Stephaton, or Steven, is the name given in medieval Christian traditions to the Roman soldier, unnamed in the Bible, who offered Jesus a sponge soaked in vinegar wine at the Crucifixion. In later depictions of the Crucifixion, Stephaton is frequently portrayed with Longinus, the name given to the soldier who pierced Jesus' side with a spear.
==Gospel accounts==
The account of Jesus receiving a sponge soaked in vinegar while on the cross appears in all four of the canonical gospels, with some variation. In both and , just after Jesus says "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me", a stander by soaks a sponge in vinegar and raises it on a reed for Jesus to drink. mentions that the attendant soldiers offer Jesus vinegar while mocking him – moving the mocking motif that occurs earlier in Mark and Matthew to the Crucifixion.〔Johnson, Luke Timothy, and Daniel J. Harrington (1991) (''The Gospel of Luke'' ), p. 375 and note. Liturgical Press.〕 In , Jesus declares "I thirst" (one of his last words) and is given the vinegar-soaked sponge "on hyssop".〔Moloney, Francis J., and Daniel J. Harrington (1998). (''The Gospel of John'' ), p. 501 and note. Liturgical Press.〕 The significance of the act is unclear, though it is usually interpreted as an act of mercy on the part of the soldiers. The episode may allude to Psalm 68:22: "In my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink."〔
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