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Stilpo
Stilpo (or Stilpon; (ギリシア語:Στίλπων), gen.: Στίλπωνος; c. 360 – c. 280 BC〔Tiziano Dorandi, ''Chapter 2: Chronology'', in Algra et al. (1999) ''The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy'', page 52. Cambridge.〕) was a Greek philosopher of the Megarian school. He was a contemporary of Theophrastus, Diodorus Cronus, and Crates of Thebes. None of his writings survive, he was interested in logic and dialectic, and he argued that the universal is fundamentally separated from the individual and concrete. His ethical teachings approached that of the Cynics and Stoics. His most important pupil was Zeno of Citium, the founder of Stoicism.
==Life==
He was a native of Megara. He probably lived after the time of Euclid of Megara, which makes it unlikely that he was a pupil of Euclid, as stated by some;〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 113; Suda, ''Stilpo''〕 and others state that he was the pupil of Thrasymachus of Corinth,〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 113〕 or of Pasicles, the brother of Crates of Thebes.〔Suda, ''Stilpo''; cf. Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 89〕 According to one account, he engaged in dialectic encounters with Diodorus Cronus at the court of Ptolemy Soter; according to another, he did not comply with the invitation of the king, to go to Alexandria. We are further told that Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, honoured him no less, spared his house at the capture of Megara, and offered him indemnity for the injury which it had received, which, however, Stilpo declined.〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 115; Plutarch, ''Demetr.'' c. 9, etc.〕 Uniting elevated sentiment with gentleness and patience, he, as Plutarch says,〔Plutarch, ''Colot.'' c. 22〕 was an ornament to his country and friends, and had his acquaintance sought by kings. His original propensity to wine and voluptuousness he is said to have entirely overcome;〔Cicero, ''de Fato'', c. 5〕 in inventive power and dialectic art to have surpassed his contemporaries, and to have inspired almost all Greece with a devotion to Megarian philosophy. A number of distinguished men too are named, whom he is said to have drawn away from Theophrastus, Aristotle of Cyrene, and others, and attached to himself;〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 113, comp. 119, 120〕 among others Crates the Cynic, and Zeno, the founder of the Stoic school.〔 Among his followers were Menedemus and Asclepiades, the leaders of the Eretrian school of philosophy. One of his pupils, Nicarete, was also said to have been his mistress.〔Athenaeus, xiii. 596e; Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 114〕 Stilpo was praised for his political wisdom, his simple, straightforward disposition, and the equanimity with which he tolerated his rebellious daughter.〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 114; comp. Plutarch, ''de tranqu. animi,'' c. 6〕 Cicero relates that Stilpo's friends had described him as "vehemently addicted to wine and women",〔Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Trans. C.D. Yonge (''The treatises of M.T. Cicero: On the nature of the gods; On divination; On fate; On the republic; On the laws; and On standing for the consulship.'' pg. 268. London G. Bell, 1878. Web. )〕 but that his philosophy eliminated his inclinations.〔Cicero, ''De Fato'', 5〕
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