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The Styre or Stire, also known as the Forest Styre, was an old English variety of cider apple which was formerly common in the Forest of Dean. It is currently thought to be extinct, but may still survive in old orchards or gardens. ==History== The Styre originated in the Forest of Dean, where it grew well on the local thin limestone soils: in common with a handful of other old apple varieties, it could be simply propagated without grafting, by striking root from branches pulled from the tree's crown.〔Martell, C. ''(Native Apples of Gloucestershire ), p.102〕 Although the variety's age is unknown, it was clearly very old, its name having a possible Anglo-Saxon root.〔Martell, C. ''(Native Apples of Gloucestershire ), p.102〕 The Styre had a reputation for producing a valuable, exceptionally flavoursome and unusually strong cider. John Philips, in his 1708 poem ''Cyder'', refers to it as "Stirom, firmest fruit", and describes it as making a long-lasting, smooth, yet deceptively strong drink.〔Philips, J. ''Cyder'', ii.〕 The pioneer American pomologist and politician William Coxe, Jr. grew a number of specimens of the Styre in his orchard in Burlington, New Jersey, and commented in 1817 that the variety was even then "supposed to have passed the zenith of its perfection, and to be rapidly declining (Herefordshire )", though his own trees attracted attention for their luxuriant growth.〔Coxe, W. ''A view of the cultivation of fruit trees'', M. Carey & Son, 1817, p.25〕 A number of other authors in this period commented that the Styre's productiveness and quality was in decline. It has been retrospectively suggested that this was because the Styre was a triploid apple, and in later years lacked suitable cross-pollinators, meaning that it fruited poorly.〔Martell, C. ''(Native Apples of Gloucestershire ), p.102〕 Older apple varieties may also suffer from a build-up of viruses in their tissues over time.〔Martell, p.130〕 By the mid 19th century, the variety was already becoming uncommon, replaced by more modern cultivars. Writing in 1858, H. G. Nicholls commented "Cider obtained from the styre apple used to be a common beverage; but that fruit has long been extinct".〔(The Forest of Dean - A Historical and Descriptive Account ), 1858, p.151〕 By 1898 another writer stated it was "almost extinct", commenting that old writers reported it yielded a "rich, full-flavoured and strong cider", commanding a high price, on the right soils.〔Cooke, C. W. R. ''A Book about cider and Perry'', H. Cox, 1898, p.19〕 In fact, the Forest Styre seems to have survived for many years afterwards in some areas, the last known tree of the variety, at Halmore in the Vale of Berkeley, having been cut down in 1968.〔(Gloucestershire Orchard Group Newsletter ), 13 (Spring 2008), 24〕 Pomologists are currently searching for any surviving specimens of the Forest Styre.〔(Gloucestershire Orchard Group Newsletter ), 13 (Spring 2008), 24〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Styre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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