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The Restoration Movement (also known as the American Restoration Movement or the Stone-Campbell Movement, and pejoratively as Campbellism) is a Christian movement that began on the United States frontier during the Second Great Awakening (1790–1840) of the early 19th century. The pioneers of this movement were seeking to reform the church from within and sought "the unification of all Christians in a single body patterned after the church of the New Testament."〔Rubel Shelly, ''I Just Want to Be a Christian'', 20th Century Christian, Nashville, TN 1984, ISBN 0-89098-021-7〕 It has been described as the "oldest ecumenical movement in America":〔JD Murch, 'Christians Only' (Eugene: Wipf & Stock, 2004), p. 360〕 Especially since the mid-20th century, members of these churches do not identify as Protestant but simply as Christian.〔.〕〔. Richard Thomas Hughes, ''Reviving the Ancient Faith: The Story of Churches of Christ in America,'' William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1996 ISBN 978-0-8028-4086-8: "arguably the most widely distributed tract ever published by the Churches of Christ or anyone associated with that tradition."〕〔Samuel S Hill, Charles H Lippy, Charles Reagan Wilson, ''Encyclopedia of Religion in the South'', Mercer University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-86554-758-2 pp. 854〕 The Restoration Movement developed from several independent strands of religious revival that idealized apostolic Christianity. Two groups, which independently developed similar approaches to the Christian faith, were particularly important. The first, led by Barton W. Stone, began at Cane Ridge, Kentucky, and identified as "Christians". The second began in western Pennsylvania and Virginia (now West Virginia) and was led by Thomas Campbell and his son, Alexander Campbell, both educated in Scotland ; they eventually used the name "Disciples of Christ". Both groups sought to restore the whole Christian church on the pattern set forth in the New Testament, and both believed that creeds kept Christianity divided. In 1832 they joined in fellowship with a handshake. Among other things, they were united in the belief that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; that Christians should celebrate the Lord's Supper on the first day of each week; and that baptism of adult believers by immersion in water is a necessary condition for salvation. Because the founders wanted to abandon all denominational labels, they used the biblical names for the followers of Jesus.〔 Both groups promoted a return to the purposes of the 1st-century churches as described in the New Testament. One historian of the movement has argued that it was primarily a unity movement, with the restoration motif playing a subordinate role.〔 The Restoration Movement has since divided into multiple separate groups. There are three main branches in the US: the Churches of Christ, the unaffiliated Christian Church/Church of Christ congregations, and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). Some characterize the divisions in the movement as the result of the tension between the goals of restoration and ecumenism: the Churches of Christ and unaffiliated Christian Church/Church of Christ congregations resolved the tension by stressing restoration, while the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) resolved the tension by stressing ecumenism.〔Leroy Garrett, ''The Stone-Campbell Movement: The Story of the American Restoration Movement'', College Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-89900-909-4, 573 pp.〕 A number of groups outside the US also have historical associations with this movement, such as the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada〔.〕 and the Churches of Christ in Australia. Because the Restoration Movement lacks any centralized structure, having originated in a variety of places with different leaders, there is no consistent nomenclature for the movement as a whole.〔.〕 The term "Restoration Movement" became popular during the 19th century; this appears to be due to the influence of Alexander Campbell's essays on "A Restoration of the Ancient Order of Things" in the ''Christian Baptist.'' The term "Stone-Campbell Movement" emerged towards the end of the 20th century as a way to avoid the difficulties associated with some of the other names that have been used, and to maintain a sense of the collective history of the movement. Other names that have been used include "the Brotherhood", "the Cause" and "the churches." While the use of the word "movement" is supported by a fairly broad consensus, no single terminology is generally accepted or has official status. ==Key principles== The Restoration Movement has been characterized by several key principles: * Christianity should not be divided, Christ intended the creation of ''one'' church.〔〔.〕 * Creeds divide, but Christians should be able to find agreement by standing on the Bible itself (from which they believe all creeds are but human expansions or constrictions)〔.〕 * Ecclesiastical traditions divide, but Christians should be able to find common ground by following the practice (as best as it can be determined) of the early church.〔 * Names of human origin divide, but Christians should be able to find common ground by using biblical names for the church (i.e., "Christian Church", "Church of God" or "Church of Christ" as opposed to "Methodist" or "Lutheran", etc.).〔 Thus, the church 'should stress only what all Christians hold in common and should suppress all divisive doctrines and practices'.〔The Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod, '(Restoration Movement: History, Beliefs, and Practices )', p. 2〕 A number of slogans have been used in the Restoration Movement, which are intended to express some of the distinctive themes of the Movement.〔.〕 These include: * "Where the Scriptures speak, we speak; where the Scriptures are silent, we are silent." * "The church of Jesus Christ on earth is essentially, intentionally, and constitutionally one." * "We are Christians only, but not the only Christians." * "In essentials, unity; in opinions, liberty; in all things love."〔 * "No creed but Christ, no book but the Bible, no law but love, no name but the divine."〔 * "Do Bible things in Bible ways."〔 * "Call Bible things by Bible names."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Restoration Movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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