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Strategy-31 ((ロシア語:Стратегия-31)) is a series of civic protests in support of the right to peaceful assembly in Russia guaranteed by Article 31 of the Russian Constitution. Since July 31, 2009, the protests were held in Moscow on Triumfalnaya Square on the 31st of every month with 31 days. ==History== Described as an "elite organization" by American ''Foreign Policy'' magazine, Strategy-31 was initiated by Eduard Limonov, founder of the National Bolshevik Party and one of the leaders of The Other Russia coalition. It was subsequently supported by many prominent Russian human rights organisations including the Moscow Helsinki Group, the Memorial human rights centre and other public and political movements and associations. It started with modest support but with each event increased in the numbers. Every one of the Strategy-31 actions since it commenced has been refused permission by the authorities on the grounds that other activities were planned to take place on Triumfalnaya Square at the same time on the respective dates. These "counter-actions" included the “Choose Health, Be Like Us!” festival (July 31, 2009), a youth sports festival (August 31, 2009), the “Division” military-sports festivity (October 31, 2009), an action of the pro-Kremlin “Young Russia” movement (December 31, 2009), and the “Winter Amusements” festivity (January 31, 2010).〔(Протест не удался ). // Newspaper «Trud», January 31, 2010 〕 Each of the Strategy-31 actions was dispersed by regular and riot police and accompanied by large-scale detentions of participants and passers-by. The action attracted a strong public and international response on December 31, 2009, when among dozens of other participants the police grabbed and detained the Chairperson of the Moscow Helsinki Group Lyudmila Alexeyeva (84). The President of the European Parliament Jerzy Buzek and the US National Security Council expressed their outrage at the detention of the prominent human rights activist,〔(Buzek: The EP appeals for the release of 2009 Sakharov Prize Winner Lyudmila Alexeyeva and other Russian human rights activists )〕 while The New York Times devoted its front page to an article about this protest action.〔(Russian Dissident’s Passion Endures Despite Tests ). // The New York Times, January 11, 2010〕 The strategy 31 action on May 31, 2010 has gathered a record number of participants (more than 2000 according to some sources〔)()〕 and was dispersed with over 100 arrests.〔(Putin's Assurances To The Contrary, Protesters Are Beaten And Detained )〕 Since January 2010, the Strategy-31 actions have spread from Moscow, to other Russian cities including St. Petersburg, Archangelsk, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg, Kemerovo and Irkutsk (about twenty Russian cities in total). On August 31, 2010, protests took place globally, in London, New York, Toronto and Tel Aviv.〔(Их нравы )〕 The original initiative for "Strategy-31 Abroad" came from the blog of Alex Goldfarb, a close associate of exiled Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky〔(Boris Berezovsky: Godfather of Strategy-31 Abroad? ). // Sublime Oblivion, August 31, 2010〕 - though this was originally denied by Andrei Sidelnikov, the organizer of the London protests. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Strategy-31」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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