|
''Strigogyps'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bird from the Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene of France and Germany. It was probably around the size of a large chicken or a guan, weighing not quite . Apparently, as indicated by the ratio of lengths of wing to leg bones, ''S. sapea'' was flightless. Its legs were not adapted to running, so it seems to have had a walking lifestyle similar to trumpeters, but probably was more carnivorous, feeding on small reptiles, possibly mammals or fish caught in shallow water, or carrion. The type species of ''Strigogyps'' is ''S. dubius'', which was described by Gaillard in 1908.〔Gaillard, C. (1908). Les oiseaux des Phosphorites du Quercy. - Annales del'Université de Lyon (Nouvelle Série) 23: 1-178.〕 It was initially placed in the owl order Strigiformes and considered to be a sophiornithid. ''S. dubius'' is based on a single tibiotarsus from the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene Quercy phosphorites of France. This tibiotarsus was destroyed in World War II during the bombing of Munich, but casts remain. In 1939, Gaillard described a second species of ''Strigogyps'', ''S. minor'', based on a humerus, two coracoids, and two carpometacarpi, also from Quercy. In 1981, Mourer-Chauviré redescribed ''S. minor'' as ''Ameghinornis minor'', the only member of the new phorusrhacid subfamily, Ameghinornithinae.〔Mourer-Chauviré, C. 1981. Première indication de la présence de Phorusrhacidés, famille d'oiseaux géants d'Amérique du Sud, dans le Tertaire européen: Ameghinornis nov. gen. (Aves, Ralliformes) des Phosphorites du Quercy, France. Géobios 14, 637-647.〕 ''Ameghinornis'' was later placed in its own family, Ameghinornithidae. In 1987, Peters named another monospecific genus of ameghinornithid, ''Aenigmavis sapea'', based on a nearly complete skeleton from the Middle Eocene Messel pit of Germany.〔Peters, Dieter Stefan (1987): Ein "Phorusrhacidae" aus dem Mittel-Eozän von Messel (Aves: Gruiformes: Cariamae). ''Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de Lyon'' 99: 71-87. (in German )〕 Mayr (2005) found ''Aenigmavis'' to be a species of ''Strigogyps'', ''S. sapea'', and found ''Ameghinornis'' to be synonymous with ''S. dubius'', as they both came from Quercy, and are almost identical except for coracoids and carpometacarpi of ''Ameghinornis'', which Mayr found to be unlike other ameghinornithids, and probably from an idiornithid.〔 In 1935, Lambrecht described a new New World vulture, ''Eocathartes robustus'', and a hornbill, ''Geiseloceros robustus'', from the Middle Eocene (Lutetian) of the Geisel Valley of Germany. Each as based on a single specimen, and they were found very close together.〔Lambrecht, K . (1935). Drei neue Vogelformen aus dem Lutétian des Geiseltales. - Nova Acta Leopoldina, Neue Folge 3: 361 - 367.〕 Mayr (2007) found them to be synonymous and a species of ''Strigogyps'', ''S. robustus''.〔Mayr, Gerald (2007). Synonymy and actual affinities of the putative Middle Eocene "New World vulture" Eocathartes Lambrecht, 1935 and "hornbill" Geiseloceros Lambrecht, 1935 (Aves, Ameghinornithidae). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 81, 457-462.()〕 Recent studies (Alvarenga and Höfling 2003, Mayr 2005) have found ''Strigogyps'' to be a more basal member of Cariamae, and not particularly close to the phorusrhachids.〔Mayr, Gerald (2005): "Old World phorusrhacids" (Aves, Phorusrhacidae): a new look at ''Strigogyps'' ("''Aenigmavis''") ''sapea'' (Peters 1987). ''PaleoBios (Berkeley)'' 25(1): 11-16 (HTML abstract )〕〔Alvarenga, Herculano M. F. & Höfling, Elizabeth (2003): ''Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes)''. ''Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia'' 43(4): 55-91 (PDF fulltext )〕 ''Salmila robusta'', another bird from Messel was found to be more basal than ''Strigogyps'', and the clade composed of ''Salmila'' and Cariamae to be the sister taxon to Psophiidae within a monophyletic Gruiformes.〔Mayr, G. 2002. A new specimen of Salmila robusta (Aves: Gruiformes: Salmilidae n. fam.) from the Middle Eocene of Messel. Paleontologische Zeitschrift 76(2/2): 305-316.〕 Fragmentary remains from the Palaeocene and/or Eocene of England and North America have also been suggested to be phorusrhachids, but, like ''Strigogyps'', they probably are not. ==See also== *List of fossil birds 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Strigogyps」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|