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New Zealand parrot
The New Zealand parrot superfamily (Strigopoidea)〔Nestoridae and Strigopidae are described in the same article, Bonaparte, C.L. (1949) ''Conspectus Systematis Ornithologiae''. Therefore, under rules of the ICZN, the first reviser determines priority, which is Bonaparte, C.L. (1850), (''Conspectus Generum Avium'' ), E.J. Brill, Leyden.〕 consists of three genera of parrots, ''Nestor'', ''Strigops'' and the fossil ''Nelepsittacus''. The genus ''Nestor'' consists of the kea, kaka, Norfolk Island kaka and Chatham Island kaka, while the genus ''Strigops'' contains the iconic kākāpō.〔 All extant species are endemic to New Zealand. The species of the genus ''Nelepsittacus'' were endemics of the main islands, while the two extinct species of the genus ''Nestor'' were found at the nearby oceanic islands like Chatham Island of New Zealand, and Norfolk Island and Phillip Island of Australia. The modern common species names, kea, kākā and kākāpō, are the same as the original Māori names.〔
The Norfolk kaka and the Chatham kaka have become extinct in recent times,〔〔 Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is endangered.〕 while the extinct species of the genus ''Nelepsittacus'' have been extinct for 16 million years. All extant species, the kākāpō, kea, and the two subspecies of the kākā, are threatened.〔 Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is endangered,〕〔 Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is endangered.〕〔 Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is endangered.〕 Human activity caused the two extinctions and the decline of the other three species. Settlers introduced invasive species, such as pigs and possums, which eat the eggs of ground nesting birds, and additional declines have been caused by hunting for food, killing as agricultural pests, habitat loss, and introduced wasps.〔〔〔
The family diverged from the other parrots around 82 million years ago when New Zealand broke off from Gondwana, while the ancestors of the genera ''Nestor'' and ''Strigops'' diverged from each other between 60 and 80 million years ago.
==Systematics==
No consensus existed regarding the taxonomy of Psittaciformes until recently. Consequently, the placement of the Strigopoidea species has been variable in the past.〔For a discussion about older taxonomic positions, see For more recent taxonomies, see Christides.〕 This superfamily is one of three superfamilies in the order Psittaciformes; the other two families are Cacatuoidea (cockatoos) and Psittacoidea (true parrots).〔Leo Joseph, Alicia Toon, Erin E. Schirtzinger, Timothy F. Wright & Richard Schodde. (2012) A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes). Zootaxa 3205: 26–40〕 The family is subdivided in two families, Nestoridae with two genera (''Nestor'' and ''Nelepsittacus'') and Strigopidae with a single genus, (''Strigops''). Traditionally, the species of the superfamily Strigopoidea were placed in the superfamily Psittacoidea, but several studies confirmed the unique placement of this group at the base of the parrot tree.〔〔 Most authors now recognize this group as its own taxon.〔〔 with two separate families: Nestoridae and Strigopidae.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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