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Alfredo Stroessner
Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda ((:alˈfreðo strosˈner); November 3, 1912 – August 16, 2006) was a Paraguayan military officer who served as President of Paraguay from 1954 to 1989. He ascended to the position after leading an army coup in 1954. His 35-year-long rule is the second longest in modern Latin American history behind only Fidel Castro, who ruled Cuba from 1959 to 2008.〔Fidel Castro〕 Stroessner's rule is ranked 17th-longest among other non-royal national leaders since 1870, and made him one of the world's longest-serving non-Communist heads of state.
In 1954, he ousted Federico Chávez, becoming president after winning an election in which he was the sole candidate. An arch anti-communist, Stroessner had the backing of the United States for most of his time in power. The constitution was modified in 1967 and 1977 after his six consecutive elections to the presidency. In 1988, he won an unprecedented eighth term on a majority, according to official figures, of between 90 and 98 percent of the registered vote.
Stroessner provided refuge for Argentina's Juan Perón and Nicaragua's Anastasio Somoza Debayle (later assassinated in Paraguay). Stroessner was ousted from power in 1989 in a military coup led by General Andrés Rodríguez and forced into exile in Brazil, where he spent the last 17 years of his life. Following a bout of pneumonia, he tried to return to his homeland to die, but was rejected by the government. He died in Brasília on August 16, 2006 of complications from a hernia operation.
==Early life==
Stroessner's parents were Hugo Strößner, who emigrated from Hof, Bavaria, Germany, and worked as an accountant for a brewery, and Heriberta Matiauda, who grew up in a wealthy Paraguayan family of Criollo Spanish descent. Stroessner was born in Encarnación, Paraguay. He joined the Paraguayan army in 1929, entering the national military school at the age of 16 and received his commission as a lieutenant in 1931. During the Chaco War against Bolivia (1932–1935) he volunteered as an artillery cadet and fought in the Battle of Boquerón. After the war he rose steadily in rank; by 1940, he had risen to the rank of major and joined the general staff in 1946. When the Paraguayan Civil War broke out in 1947, he commanded the artillery division at Paraguarí that ensured President Higinio Moríñigo won by staying loyal and destroying a working-class rebel area of Asunción. He eventually became a brigadier and the youngest general officer in South America in 1948. Stroessner backed Felipe Molas López in a successful coup against Juan Natalicio González. He then backed Federico Chávez against Lopez and by 1951 he was army chief of staff.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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