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Submodular set function : ウィキペディア英語版
Submodular set function
In mathematics, a submodular set function (also known as a submodular function) is a set function whose value, informally, has the property that the difference in the incremental value of the function, that a single element makes when added to an input set, decreases as the size of the input set increases. Submodular functions have a natural diminishing returns property which makes them suitable for many applications, including approximation algorithms, game theory (as functions modeling user preferences) and electrical networks. Recently, submodular functions have also found immense utility in several real world problems in machine learning and artificial intelligence, including automatic summarization, multi-document summarization, feature selection, active learning, sensor placement, image collection summarization and many other domains.〔〔〔〔
== Definition ==
If \Omega is a finite set, a submodular function is a set function f:2^\rightarrow \mathbb, where 2^\Omega denotes the power set of \Omega, which satisfies one of the following equivalent definitions.
# For every X, Y \subseteq \Omega with X \subseteq Y and every x \in \Omega \backslash Y we have that f(X\cup \)-f(X)\geq f(Y\cup \)-f(Y).
# For every S, T \subseteq \Omega we have that f(S)+f(T)\geq f(S\cup T)+f(S\cap T).
# For every X\subseteq \Omega and x_1,x_2\in \Omega\backslash X we have that f(X\cup \)+f(X\cup \)\geq f(X\cup \)+f(X).
A nonnegative submodular function is also a subadditive function, but a subadditive function need not be submodular.
If \Omega is not assumed finite, then the above conditions are not equivalent. In particular a function
f defined by f(S) = 1 if S is finite and f(S) = 0 if S is infinite
satisfies the first condition above, but the second condition fails when S and T are infinite sets with finite intersection.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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