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Subsea is a term to refer to equipment, technology, and methods employed in marine biology, undersea geology, offshore oil and gas developments, underwater mining, and offshore wind power industries. == Oil and gas == Oil and gas fields reside beneath many inland waters and offshore areas around the world, and in the oil and gas industry the term ''subsea'' relates to the exploration, drilling and development of oil and gas fields in underwater locations. Under water oil field facilities are generically referred to using a ''subsea'' prefix, such as ''subsea well'', ''subsea field'', ''subsea project'', and ''subsea development''. Subsea oil field developments are usually split into ''Shallow water'' and ''Deepwater'' categories to distinguish between the different facilities and approaches that are needed. The term ''shallow water'' or ''shelf'' is used for very shallow water depths where bottom-founded facilities like jackup drilling rigs and fixed offshore structures can be used, and where saturation diving is feasible. ''Deepwater'' is a term often used to refer to offshore projects located in water depths greater than around 600 feet,〔Oil field Glossary - Deepwater Play : http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=deep%2Dwater%20play〕 where floating drilling vessels and floating oil platforms are used, and remotely operated underwater vehicles are required as manned diving is not practical. Subsea completions can be traced back to 1943 with the Lake Erie completion at a 35-ft water depth. The well had a land-type Christmas tree that required diver intervention for installation, maintenance, and flow line connections.〔(2010) International Petroleum Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 09, 2010, from http://www.pennenergy.com/index/petroleum/international-petroleum-encyclopedia/display/114882/ipes/online-research-center/volume-1999/issue-1/encyclopedia/special-features/new-features-improve-flexibility-of-subsea-well-completions.html〕 Shell completed its first subsea well in the Gulf of Mexico in 1961〔60 Years in the Gulf of Mexico, E&P Supplement, Hart Publishing, November 2007〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Subsea (technology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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