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Sufes was a town in the late Roman province of Byzacena, which became a Christian bishopric that is included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees.〔''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 977〕 ==The town== The ruins of Roman Sufes are found near Sabibah a village in Tunisia's province of Kasserine.〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕 It was a small town from which Roman roads branched out to neighboring towns.〔 〕〔 〕〕}} It was on several hills sloped towards the plain, and covered a portion of the plain itself with a perimeter of about .〔 }} 〕 There are few surviving records of Sufes.〔 }} 〕 It is mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary as twenty five miles from ''Tucca Terebintha'', and Victor Guérin discovered an inscription at the Sufes site, which described it as "ラテン語:splendissimus et felicissimus ordo Coloniae Sufetanae" and showed further on that Hercules was the genius loci, a type of tutelary deity, of Sufes.〔〔 It is not known when Sufes was founded, but it was known as a castellum in the history of Roman-era Tunisia during the early Empire,〔 〕 and probably became a colonia about the time of Marcus Aurelius,〔 who reigned between 161 and 180, as its name ''colonia Aurelia Sufetana'' indicates.〔 It had been a bishopric since at least AD 255 but the majority of its inhabitants were still pagan.〔 In AD 411, both a Catholic and a Donatist bishopric were located there. At the beginning of the 4th century, pagans outnumbered Christians. Punics formed the predominant population of towns and retained the Punic language until the 6th century; in certain towns the Christian bishops were obliged to know Punic, since it was the only language that the people understood.〔〔 Alexander Graham quoted Al-Andalus geographer and historian Al-Bakri, who wrote in the 11th century that, "We arrived at Sbiba, a town of great antiquity, built of stone, and containing a college and several baths. The whole country around is covered with gardens, and produces a saffron of the greatest excellence."〔 〕}} René Louiche Desfontaines, in 1784, wrote that for several hours he marched through a forest of pines and Phoenician juniper before descending into the verdant plain in which Sbiba is situated.〔 }} 〕 In 1862, Victor Guérin wrote that, it was long deserted and uninhabited; he commented that, on this vast site he could not find a "miserable hamlet of five or six huts", and only a "dozen tents belonging to the Madjer tribe".〔 Robert Lambert Playfair, while travelling the same route taken by Desfontaines in 1877, wrote the forests which Desfontaines alluded to have disappeared.〔 By 1886, Graham wrote, the site was an abandoned village, with no settlement within , in an old field wilderness.〔 Although, in Latin, Sufetula is a diminutive of Sufes.〔 Sufes should not to be confused with Sufetula, both a different titular see, Sufetula ((ラテン語:Sufetulensis)),〔 and a different site further south near Subaytilah.〔〔 〕 It was there that in AD 647, a major battle, between the Byzantine and Berber army led by Gregory the Patrician and the Rashidun Caliphate army led by Abdullah ibn Saad, ended in a decisive Muslim victory. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sufes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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