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Suikinkutsu
A is a type of Japanese garden ornament and music device. It consists of an upside down buried pot with a hole at the top. Water drips through the hole at the top onto a small pool of water inside of the pot, creating a pleasant splashing sound that rings inside of the pot similar to a bell or a Japanese zither called koto. It is usually built next to a traditional Japanese stone basin called ''chōzubachi'', part of a ''tsukubai'' for washing hands before the Japanese tea ceremony.
==Traditional construction==
Constructing a ''suikinkutsu'' is more difficult than it looks, because all components have to be finely tuned with each other to ensure a good sound. The most important piece of a ''suikinkutsu'' is the jar, the upside down pot buried underground. Initially, jars that were readily available for storage of rice or water were utilized for the construction of a ''suikinkutsu''. Both glazed and unglazed ceramic jars can be used. Recently, metal ''suikinkutsu'' have also become commercially available. Unglazed jars are considered best, as the rough surface aids in the building of drops. The height ranges from 30 cm to 1 m, and the diameter from 30 cm to 50 cm. The hole at the top has a diameter of circa 2 cm. Similar to a bell, the jar of a good ''suikinkutsu'' will ring when struck. A jar producing a good sound will create a good sounding ''suikinkutsu''. Similarly, a cracked jar, like a cracked bell, will not produce a good sound.
The ''suikinkutsu'' usually rests on a bed of gravel underground. The base underneath the jar is sometimes mortared to keep the water in, and sometimes consists only of soil as for example clay. The drainage pipe makes sure that the water level in the ''suikinkutsu'' does not rise too high. Sometimes ceramic tiles are also used on the sides of the jar. Fist size stones are on top of the ''suikinkutsu'' to cover the jar completely. Traditionally ''suikinkutsu'' are always found near a hand wash basin ''chōzubachi'' used for the Japanese tea ceremony, and the ''suikinkutsu'' is buried between the basin and the stepping stone next to the basin. The designs and materials used for a ''suikinkutsu'' also vary widely, often depending on the local region.
Usually, only a single jar is buried underneath a ''chōzubachi'' Japanese stone basin. However, in some rare cases there may also be two ''suikinkutsu'' adjacent to each other in front of the same ''chōzubachi''. Such a double installation can be found for example in front of the Iwasaki Castle, Nisshin city, Aichi Prefecture, in the campus of the Takasaki Art Center College, Takasaki, Gunma prefecture, or in Kyoto University, Kyoto. However, having two openings about 50 cm apart means that it is difficult to cover the ergonomic best spot for washing hands with both openings. Thus, the creation of the sound is usually done intentionally by splashing water over the two designated spots, rather than accidentally by washing hands. ''Suikinkutsu'' with more than two jars may also be possible, although no reference for this is available.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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