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Sukha
''Sukha'' is a Sanskrit and Pali word that is often translated happiness, ease, pleasure or bliss. From the time of the earliest early scriptures, sukha is set up as a contrast to ''preya'' "pleasure", where sukha is a deep and authentic positive, fulfilling state of being that is lasting and not merely transient and ultimately unsatisfying, requiring constant modification, like preya. In the Pāli Canon, the term is used in the context of describing laic pursuits, meditative absorptions and intra-psychic phenomena.
==Etymology==
According to Monier-Williams (1964), the etymology of ''sukha'' is "said to be ''su'' () + ''kha'' () and to mean originally 'having a good axle-hole'...." Thus, for instance, in the Rig Veda ''sukha'' denotes "running swiftly or easily" (applied, e.g., to chariots). ''Sukha'' is juxtaposed with ''dukha'' (Sanskrit; Pali: ''dukkha''; often translated as "suffering"), which was established as the major motivating life principles in early Vedic religion. This theme of the centrality of dukkha was developed in later years in both Vedic and the offshoot Buddhist traditions. The elimination of dukkha is the ''raison d'être'' of early Buddhism.〔Monier-Williams (1964), p. 1220, entry for "Sukhá" (retrieved from http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw1220-suUti.pdf). Square-bracketed words ("good" and "aperture") are based on Monier-Williams, pp. 334, 1219.〕〔Regarding the relationship between ''sukha'' and ''dukkha'', Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-5), p. 716, entry for "Sukha" (retrieved from http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.4:1:262.pali), simply identifies that ''dukkha'' is one of the antonyms of ''sukha'' (along with ''asukha'') and, in such contexts, is sometimes spelled ''dukha''.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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