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Sulaymanids
The Sulaymanids were a sharif dynasty from the line of the Muhammad's grandson Hasan bin Ali which ruled around 1063-1174. Their centre of power lay in Harad in the northern Tihama which was previously counted to Yemen but is today a part of Saudi Arabia.
==Expulsion from Mecca==
The chronology of the history of the dynasty is not very well established. Their name is derived from Sulayman bin Abdallah, a fifth-generation descendant of the imam Hasan bin Ali. The clan lived in Mecca at the time when the Sulayhid dynasty extended its influence in Yemen and into Hijaz to the north. In 1061 the last amir of Mecca of the old Musawi line died. Now the Sulaymanid clan attempted to dominate the city by violent means. The following years were unsettled and the traditional gate-keepers of the Kaaba temple, the Shabi clan, appropriated all the gold and silver in the religious premises. The disturbances served as a pretext for King Ali as-Sulayhi to intervene. He performed the hajj in 1063 with a large retinue and restored order in Mecca. The sharifs asked Ali as-Sulayhi to instal one of their kin as amir and then leave the holy city.〔Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, ''Mekka'', Vol. I, The Hague 1888, p. 61-2.〕 The king appointed the sharif Abu Hashim Muhammad as lord in Mecca, starting the Hawashim line of sharifs in the city. However, the Sulaymanid headman Hamza bin Wahhas felt that his own line had been slighted.〔His line of descent is: Hasan bin Ali - Hasan - Abdallah - Musa - Abdallah as-Salih - Sulayman - Da'ud - Abu Fatiq Abdallah - Abd ar-Rahman - Abu Tayyib Da'ud - Wahhas - Hamza bin Wahhas. See Eduard de Zambaur, ''Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie de l'histoire de l'islam'', Hannover 1927, Table A.〕 A conflict resulted and Hamza bin Wahhas was driven out of Mecca in about 1063 or 1069.〔According to the historian Ali ibn al-Athir part of the sharifs arrived to Yemen by AH 455 (1063), but other sources indicate that Hamza bin Wahhas resisted the Hawashim faction until AH 461 (1069); see Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, ''Mekka'', Vol. I, The Hague 1888, p. 63.〕 He then moved to Yemen and established a base in the northern part of the coastal lowland where the family ruled as amirs. The era of the Sulaymanids thus overlapped with a number of Yemeni dynasties: the Sulayhids, Hamdanid sultans, Rassids, Najahids, Zurayids and Mahdids.〔G. Rex Smith "Politische Geschichte des islamischen Jemen bis zur ersten türkischen Invasion", p. 140〕
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