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The Sumpa () were a tribe living in northeastern Tibet from ancient times. Chinese historical sources refer to them as "Qiang", a term for non-Chinese people living in what is now Southwest China, and their actual ethnic identity is not known. Their territory was absorbed by the Tibetan Empire in the late 7th century, after which point they gradually lost their independent identity. The Sumpa identified as the people known to the Chinese as the Supi 蘇毗 or Sunpo 孫波.〔"Note sur les T’ou-yu-houen et les Sou-p’i." Paul Pelliot. ''T’oung pao'', 20 (1921), pp. 330-331.〕 ==Origins and territory== The ''Tangshu'', chap. 221b, says that the people of the country of Supi (Sumpa) were originally of Western Qiang descent. The Qiang had been in the region for a very long time - they were the main foreign enemies of the Shang dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BCE). It has been suugested by Christopher I. Beckwith that their name may have derived from an Indo-European root meaning 'charioteer'.〔''Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present''. Christopher I. Beckwith. 2009. Princeton University Press, p. 375. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2.〕 After they were annexed by the Tibetans they took the name of Sunpo (= Sumpa). They were the largest of the tribes in the region and consisted of some 30,000 family units. Their territory extended from the border of the Domi people to the east as far as the Houmangxia (or Houmang Gorge) Pass in the west.〔''Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux''. Édouard Chavannes. 1900. Paris, Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient. Reprint: Taipei. Reprint: Cheng Wen Publishing Co., 1969, p. 169.〕 The location of the Supi/Sumpa kingdom in the 7th–8th centuries in northeastern Tibet stretched from the southern bank of the Yak River (Chinese: Tongtian River - known in Tibetan as the Chu-dmar, the largest upper course of the 'Bri-chu or Yangtze River) in the east about 1,400 ''li'' (roughly 452 km) southwest to the Houmangxia Pass〔''Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux''. Édouard Chavannes. 1900. Paris, Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient. Reprint: Taipei. Reprint: Cheng Wen Publishing Co., 1969, p. 169, n. 1.〕 (= the Ta-tsang-la)〔''Notes on Marco Polo''. Vol. II. Paul Pelliot. Imprimerie National Paris, 1963, p. 718.〕 and ranged at times as far as Khotan.〔''Les Tribus Anciennes des Marches Sino-tibétaines: légends, classifications et histoire''. R. A. Stein. 1961. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, pp. 41-42, nn. 111, 113, 115.〕〔''Ancient Tibet; Research Materials from The Yeshe De Project''. Dharma Publishing (1986), p. 134. ISBN 0-89800-146-3.〕 The Sumpa were considered part of the Tibetan kingdom as early as the 6th century CE, in the time of Songtsän Gampo's father Namri Songtsen,〔''Ancient Tibet; Research Materials from The Yeshe De Project''. Dharma Publishing (1986), p. 131. ISBN 0-89800-146-3.〕 and are thought to have spoken a Tibetan dialect.〔"Note sur les T’ou-yu-houen et les Sou-p’i." Paul Pelliot. ''T’oung pao'', 20 (1921), p. 331.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sumpa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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