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The ''suona'' (); also called ''laba'' () or ''haidi'' () is a Chinese ''sorna'' (double-reeded horn). It has a distinctively loud and high-pitched sound, and is used frequently in Chinese traditional music ensembles, particularly those that perform outdoors. It is an important instrument in the folk music of northern China, particularly the provinces of Shandong and Henan, where it has long been used for festival and military purposes. It is still used, in combination with sheng mouth organs, gongs, drums, and sometimes other instruments, in wedding and funeral processions. Such wind and percussion ensembles are called ''chuida'' or ''guchui''. Stephen Jones has written extensively on its use in ritual music of Shanxi province. It is also common in the ritual music of Southeast China. In Taiwan, it forms an essential element of ritual music that accompanies Daoist performances of both auspicious and inauspicious rites, i.e., those for both the living and the dead. ==Construction== The ''suona'' as used in China has a conical wooden body, similar to that of the ''gyaling'' horn used by the Tibetan ethnic group, both of which uses a metal, usually a tubular brass or copper bocal to which a small double reed is affixed, and possesses a detachable metal bell at its end. The double-reed gives the instrument a sound similar to that of the modern oboe.〔http://www.larkinam.com/Suona.html〕 The instrument is made in several sizes. Since the mid-20th century, "modernized" versions of the suona have been developed in China; incorporating mechanical keys similar to those of the European oboe, to allow for the playing of chromatic notes and equal tempered tuning (both of which are difficult to execute on the traditional suona). There is now a family of such instruments, including the ''zhongyin suona'' (Alto suona), ''cizhongyin suona'' (Tenor suona), and ''diyin suona'' (Bass suona). These instruments are used in the woodwind sections of modern large Chinese traditional instrument orchestras in China, Taiwan, and Singapore, though most folk ensembles prefer to use the traditional version of the instrument. It has been used in modern music arrangements as well, including in the works of Chinese rock musician Cui Jian, featuring a modernized suona-play in his song "Nothing To My Name" (一无所有) (played by the saxophonist Liu Yuan). The ''nazi'' (呐子), a related instrument that is most commonly used in northern China, consists of a ''suona'' reed (with bocal) that is played melodically, the pitches changed by the mouth and hands.(video ) Sometimes the ''nazi'' is played into a large metal horn for additional volume. Ranges of the orchestral "suona": *Haidi in G and F (piccolo) *Xiaosuona in D and C (sopranino) *Dasuona in A and G (soprano) *Zhongyinsuona in D (alto) *Cizhongyinsuona in G (tenor) *Diyinsuona in various keys (bass) The tenor and bass varieties are normally keyed; the alto and soprano varieties are sometimes keyed. The highest varieties are not normally keyed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Suona」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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