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Super-imperialism
Super-imperialism is a Marxist term with two possible meanings. It refers either to the ''hegemony'' of an imperialist great power over its weaker rivals, who then are called ''sub-imperialisms'', or to a comprehensive ''supra-structure'' above a set of (theoretically) equal-righted imperialist states. – The latter meaning is the older one and had become rare by the middle of 20th century.
== Origin of the term ==
The expression super-imperialism first appeared in November 1914 as an (inaccurate) translation of the newly coined German term ''Ultra-Imperialismus''. William E. Bohn, the translator of Karl Kautsky’s article "Der Imperialismus",〔Karl Kautsky: ''Der Imperialismus''. In: ''Die Neue Zeit''. 32 (1914), vol. 2, p. 908–922.〕 (= "The Imperialism") seemed to believe, that the terms ''Kartell'' and ''Ultra-Imperialismus'' were not reasonable for the audience of the "International socialist review" – an American Marxist journal.〔Vgl.: Karl Kautsky, Imperialism and the War, in: International socialist review, 15 (1914), 286.〕 Bohn faced a double problem: Cartels were much less familiar in the USA than the concern-like, tauter organized Trust (monopoly) entities – and the word ''ultra'', which in English means ''exaggerated'' or ''extreme''. Thus, he paraphrased Kautsky’s ideas in terms more familiar to American readers,somewhat distorting Kautsky's statement.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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