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Supervaluationism, in logic, is a semantics for dealing with irreferential singular terms and vagueness.〔Shapiro, Stewart "Vagueness and Conversation" in 〕 It allows one to apply the tautologies of propositional logic in cases where truth values are undefined. According to supervaluationism, a proposition can have a definite truth value even when its components do not. The proposition "Pegasus likes licorice", for example, has no truth value because the name "Pegasus" fails to refer; there is nothing in the myth that would justify an assignment of any truth value. The statement "Pegasus likes licorice or Pegasus doesn't like licorice", however, is an instance of the valid schema " ("'' or not-''"), so, according to supervaluationism, it should be true regardless of whether or not its disjuncts have a truth value; that is, it should be true in all interpretations. If, in general, something is true in all precisifications, supervaluationism describes it as "supertrue", while something false in all precisifications is described as "superfalse". == Example abstraction == Let ''v'' be a classical valuation defined on every atomic sentence of the language ''L'' and let ''At(x)'' be the number of distinct atomic sentences in ''x''. There are then at most 2^''At(x)'' classical valuations defined on every sentence ''x''. A supervaluation ''V'' is a function from sentences to truth values such that ''x'' is supertrue (i.e. ''V(x)''=True) if and only if ''v(x)''=True for every ''v''. Likewise for superfalse. ''V(x)'' is undefined when there are exactly two valuations ''v'' and ''v'' * such that ''v(x)''=True and ''v'' *''(x)''=False. For example, let ''Lp'' be the formal translation of "Pegasus likes licorice". There are then exactly two classical valuations ''v'' and ''v'' * on ''Lp'', namely ''v(Lp)''=True and ''v'' *''(Lp)''=False. So ''Lp'' is neither supertrue nor superfalse. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Supervaluationism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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