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Surface-supplied diving refers to divers using equipment supplied with breathing gas using a ''diver's umbilical'' from the surface, either from the shore or from a diving support vessel sometimes indirectly via a diving bell. This is different from scuba diving, where the diver's equipment is completely self-contained and there is no link to the surface. ==History== (詳細はCharles and John Deane in the 1820s.〔The Infernal Diver by John Bevan, Hardcover - 314 pages (27 May 1996), Submex Ltd; ISBN 0-9508242-1-6〕 Inspired by a fire accident he witnessed in a stable in England,〔http://scubaeds.com/10.html Scuba Ed's - History of scuba diving〕 he designed and patented a "Smoke Helmet" to be used by firemen in smoke-filled areas in 1823. The apparatus comprised a copper helmet with an attached flexible collar and garment. A long leather hose attached to the rear of the helmet was to be used to supply air - the original concept being that it would be pumped using a double bellows. A short pipe allowed breathed air to escape. The garment was constructed from leather or airtight cloth, secured by straps. The brothers had insufficient funds to build the equipment themselves, so they sold the patent to their employer, Edward Barnard. It was not until 1827 that the first smoke helmets were built, by German-born British engineer Augustus Siebe. In 1828 they decided to find another application for their device and converted it into a diving helmet. They marketed the helmet with a loosely attached "diving suit" so that a diver could perform salvage work but only in a full vertical position, otherwise water entered the suit. In 1829 the Deane brothers sailed from Whitstable for trials of their new underwater apparatus, establishing the diving industry in the town. In 1834 Charles used his diving helmet and suit in a successful attempt on the wreck of ''Royal George'' at Spithead, during which he recovered 28 of the ship's cannon. In 1836, John Deane recovered from the discovered ''Mary Rose'' shipwreck timbers, guns, longbows, and other items. By 1836 the Deane brothers had produced the world's first diving manual, ''Method of Using Deane's Patent Diving Apparatus'' which explained in detail the workings of the apparatus and pump, plus safety precautions. In the 1830s the Deane brothers asked Siebe to apply his skill to improve their underwater helmet design. Expanding on improvements already made by another engineer, George Edwards, Siebe produced his own design; a helmet fitted to a full length watertight canvas diving suit. The real success of the equipment was a valve in the helmet. Siebe introduced various modifications on his diving dress design to accommodate the requirements of the salvage team on the wreck of the HMS ''Royal George'', including making the helmet be detachable from the corselet; his improved design gave rise to the typical standard diving dress which revolutionised underwater civil engineering, underwater salvage, commercial diving and naval diving.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Surface-supplied diving」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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