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Susya ((アラビア語:سوسية), ) (Susiya, Susia) is an archaeological site in the southern Judaean Mountains of the West Bank that bears the archaeological remains both of a 5th-8th century CE synagogue and of a mosque that replaced it.〔Jodi Magness, (''The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine,'' ) Eisenbrauns 2003 Vol.1 pp.99-104.〕 The same name is applied to two separate communities existing in the present day: on the one hand it refers to Palestinian villagers, recently expelled from there, who are variously reported as living in caves for decades there〔Nir Hasson,('Should 250 Cave Dwellers Interfere With the Fence? ,' ) Haaretz 13 September 2004.〕 during grazing time〔 or said to belong to a unique southern Hebron cave-dwelling culture present in the area since the early 19th century,〔Oren Yiftachel, Neve Gordon, ('The Lurking Shadow of Expulsion,' ) 15 May 2002.〕 and, on the other, it also denotes a religious Israeli settlement under the jurisdiction of Har Hebron Regional Council established in 1983 about a mile away. In 1986, the site of Palestinian Susya was declared an archeological site by Israeli Defense Ministry's Civil Administration, (a body formally under the Ministry of Defence, but subordinate to the military) and the IDF expelled the inhabitants, whom the UN says lived in houses at the time.〔 The Palestinians then moved a few hundred meters southeast of the original village.〔Stefano Pasta, ('Cisgiordania, Susiya: i pastori palestinesi che tutte le mattine temono l'arrivo dei bulldozer,' ) La Repubblica 10 June 2015.:'Espropriati nel 1986, sotto sgombero dal 5 maggio. Fino a quell'anno i palestinesi abitavano nelle grotte a mezzo chilometro di distanza. Ne furono espropriati quando l'area fu riconosciuta sito archeologico. Andarono quindi a vivere nei terreni agricoli limitrofi di Susiya, di loro proprietà ma senza il permesso per costruire.'〕 The population of the Palestinian community reportedly numbered 350 in 2012〔 and 250 residents the following year.〔('Khirbet Susiya,' ) B'tselem 1 Jan 2013.〕 constituted by 50 nuclear families (2015), up from 25 in 1986〔 and 13 in 2008.〔 The Israeli settlement was established between May and September 1983 on 1,800 dunams of land. It was expanded in late 1999 by installing 10 caravans on 4 dunums of land belonging to the Shreiteh family.〔('Expanding the settlement of Susiya,' ) Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem, (ARIJ) 18 September 1999〕 It had a population of 737 in 2006.〔Unispal, ( 'Israeli Settlements in Gaza and the West Bank (Including Jerusalem) Their Nature and Purpose, Part II ), United Nations, New York 1984.〕〔(Applied Research Institute Jerusalem, (ARIJ), 18 September, 1999 ) 〕〔(אודות סוסיא )〕 The Israeli government, which has issued temporary injunctions against High Court decisions to demolish illegal Israeli outposts, made a petition to the High Court to permit the demolition of Palestinian Susya. The state expressed a willingness to allocate what it called Israeli government-owned lands near Yatta for an alternative residence, and to assist rebuilding, considering it ideal for the displaced villagers grazing. The official view of Israel is that no historic Palestinian village ever existed there, just a few families resided seasonally there, and this area was required for archaeological work. Jews however are in illegal structures on the same archaeological site. The attorney for the Palestinians replied that the army was stopping Palestinians building on their own privately owned land, while permitting settlers to seize their agricultural fields.〔Chaim Levinson,('Israel seeks to demolish Palestinian village on ‘archaeological’ grounds ,' ) Haaretz 28 March 2015.〕 The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law; the Israeli government disputes this. ==History== Susya, whether it refers to the site of the ancient synagogue or the ruins of the contiguous ancient and large settlement of some ,〔Steven H. Werlin, (Synagogues of Southern Palestine, 300-800 C.E.: Living on the Edge,'' ) BRILL,2015 p.136. 〕 is not mentioned in any ancient text, and Jewish literature did not register an ancient Jewish town on that site.〔Zeev Safrai, ''The Missing Century: Palestine in the fifth century:growth and decline'', Peeters Publishers 1998 p. 101〕 It is thought by some to correspond to the Biblical Carmel (Josh 15.5), a proposal made by Avraham Negev.〔Günter Stemberger, ''Jews and Christians in the Holy Land: Palestine in the fourth century'', tr. Ruth Tuschling, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000 p. 151〕〔Avraham Negev, Shimon Gibson, ''Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land,'' rev. ed. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005 p.484〕 Others argue that, in the wake of the Second Revolt (AD 132-5), when the Romans garrisoned Khirbet el-Karmil, identified as the biblical Carmel, religious Jews uncomfortable with pagan symbols moved 2 km south-west to the present Susya, which they perhaps already farmed, and that, while they still regarded their new community as Carmel, the name was lost when the village's fortunes declined in the early Arab period, perhaps because the new Muslim overlords would not have tolerated its economy, which was based on wine.〔1 Samuel:25〕〔Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, ''The Holy Land: an Oxford archaeological guide from earliest times to 1700'',5th ed. Oxford University Press US, 2008 pp.351-354, p.351〕 The site, in Arabic ''Khirbet Susiya/Susiyeh'', "Ruin of the Liquorice Plant" was first described by V. Guérin in 1869, who first recognized its importance.〔〔Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, ''The Holy Land: an Oxford archaeological guide from earliest times to 1700'', 5th ed. Oxford University Press US, 2008 p. 351〕〔Avraham Negev, ''Shimon Gibson Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land'', ibid. p. 482〕 The spelling Susya represents the Hebrew name, as determined by the Israeli Naming committee.〔'A unique case is Susya. The existence of the ancient Jewish town was unknown in Jewish sources, but was discovered in archaeological excavations . . . the settlers are not free to decide on the names chosen: the National Naming Committee at the Prime Minister's Office has that responsibility and considers various factors. The settlers, however, being well acquainted with the territory and its history, play a significant role in the decision.' Michael Feige, ''Settling in the Hearts: Fundamentalism, Time, and Space in Judea and Samaria'', Wayne State University Press, 2009, pp. 75–76〕 In the Survey of Western Palestine, based on an observation in 1874 on the area of the southeastern slope of a hill west of Susya, H.H. Kitchener and Claude Conder noted that "This ruin has also been at one time a place of importance...". They thought the ruins were that of a Byzantine monastery.〔 German accounts later stated that it was a remnant of an ancient church. In 1937, the building to the north was identified by L. A. Meyer and A. Reifenberg as the site of a synagogue.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Susya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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